Partidismo: ¿el verdadero aliado de las fake news? Un análisis comparativo del efecto sobre la creencia y la divulgación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1509Palabras clave:
fake news, noticias, desinformación, partidismo, polarización politica, derecha, izquierdaResumen
Introducción: Tras la recomposición del parlamento portugués con la aparición de la derecha radical, este estudio explora la influencia de la orientación partidista en la creencia y difusión de fake news. Metodología: Se recurrió a una muestra exploratoria (N = 712), cuyos participantes fueron expuestos a 20 titulares políticamente sesgados (pro-derecha y pro-izquierda): la mitad fake news y la otra mitad noticias verdaderas. Los participantes evaluaron su credibilidad y voluntad de compartirlas en las redes sociales. Resultados: Es más probable que los partidarios de derecha crean y compartan fake news compatibles. Esta tendencia se verificó en todos los parámetros de medición del partidismo —(1) intención de voto, (2) simpatía partidaria y (3) autoubicación en la escala I-D—, en contraste con lo revelado con los partidistas de izquierda. Discusión y conclusiones: Solo los partidarios de derecha muestran una tendencia a creer más en fake news que favorecen su orientación. No ocurre lo mismo con los individuos de izquierdas. Sin embargo, es más probable que tanto los partidarios de derecha como de izquierda compartan contenido sesgado. Creemos que las personas con identidad de partido de derecha pueden estar más expuestas a la desinformación en Portugal, ya que la mayoría de los sitios de desinformación buscan esta audiencia específica.
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