La identificación con personajes de lesbianas: Recepción de audiencias heterosexuales y homosexuales desde una aproximación metodológica mixta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2014-1012Palabras clave:
identificación con los personajes, aproximación metodológica mixta, representación, lesbianas, audiencias heterosexuales y homosexuales, recepciónResumen
Introducción. Esta investigación observa la identificación de receptores homosexuales y heterosexuales de ambos sexos con las protagonistas lesbianas de ficciones audiovisuales en España. Metodología. El estudio aplica un método mixto, compuesto por dos investigaciones independientes cuyos resultados se interpretan conjuntamente: la cuantitativa determina magnitudes de los efectos y la cualitativa los explica. Resultados. Los resultados muestran que el sexo del receptor no afecta a las magnitudes de la identificación, aunque sí a las razones por las que se produce; que la orientación sexual del receptor, en cambio, sí afecta, y que las reacciones de los hombres heterosexuales son significativamente más indiferentes. Además, revela que el peso en la identificación se halla en la empatía afectiva con los personajes. Discusión y Conclusiones. La aplicación de una metodología mixta aporta profundidad. El uso de escalas de identificación en la recolección de datos del cuantitativo obliga al participante a posicionarse dentro del rango de valores disponibles, pero las entrevistas del método cualitativo, permiten revelar la amplitud de significados vinculados a esos valores. Como se esperaba (H1), el contenido de la ficción afecta a la identificación con los personajes lesbianos. La protagonista moralmente más virtuosa induce a mayor identificación, y ésta se produce, además, por razones más homogéneas entre las poblaciones de distinto sexo u orientación sexual. Asimismo, se encuentran razones para refutar que el sexo del receptor afecta a la identificación con los personajes de lesbianas (H2). También, se confirma que existen diferencias en la identificación en función de la orientación sexual general (H3). Dichas diferencias, sin embargo, no se producen únicamente en las magnitudes generales, sino en las motivaciones para la identificación. La resonancia personal que evocan las historias y la similitud de las historias con experiencias propias, son los dos factores de peso en la identificación de los homosexuales. Además, se encuentra que estas narrativas son procesadas de forma distinta por homosexuales y heterosexuales. Las respuestas de los heterosexuales masculinos son siempre más distantes e indiferentes que las de las heterosexuales femeninas o las de los homosexuales de ambos sexos.
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