The frustrated renovation The process of the labor movement in the industrialist model Argentinian

Abstract

The coup of 1955 removed Peronism from political power, initiating the period of banning the party in general and its leader in particular, which lasted - except for the brief and limited intervals during the Frondizi and Illia governments until May 25. 1973. The ban and exile of the movement's leader, Juan Domingo Perón, left an empty space of representation that different political actors tried to occupy throughout the period. On the political level, it was characterized by the impossibility of consolidating an institutional solution that excluded the majority party, Peronism, expressed in the alternation of two institutional failures to replace it (Frondizi and Illia), with the military dictatorial administrations. At the economic level, due to the implementation of the concentrating “developmental model” and the increasing adoption of economic measures designed by international organizations representing the economic power. Such process must be inscribed in the order of an international context characterized by the intersection of two major axes of conflicts: the so-called North-South and the so-called East-West. (1) In the world of work, hit by the implementation of policies of control and repression of the Workers' Movement (MO), the articulation of two contradictory processes took place. On the one hand, the disengagement of the entrenched hierarchies in the increasingly bureaucratized union structures, from their supposed represented. The adoption of a clear political role by them, expanded outside the scope of work and sometimes in open contradiction with their role in the capital-labor relationship. This crystallized a union practice that, alternating the politics of collaborationism with that of confrontation with governments, installed the confrontation-negotiation dynamic as a way to consolidate a corporate power structure.On the other hand, we find the emergence of a union leadership born of the foundations of the world of work, particularly in that capital-labor relationship constituted in the sectors that the new model installed as dynamic. This new unionism was opposed by both the bosses and the government as well as the union bureaucracy. Its growth in the workplace was evidenced in the accession to the leadership of the CGT in the normalizing congress of 1968, within the framework of the growing popular mobilization and the incorporation of new actors to the internal political scene. The militant commitment, the combativeness, the transparency and the honesty of its referents, illuminated a generational political ethical change in the organized labor movement, which promised the definitive renewal in Argentine unionism, reconciling it with the period of its birth and initial development before It seemed that a new cycle in our recent history was reinstating the project of those grassroots leaders from the beginning of the century, frustrated by the emergence and heyday of Peronism. However, towards the end of the period, the so-called renovation died in the attempt and the collaborationist bureaucracy was favored. The present work will try to account for the main aspects that were articulated constituting the internal dynamics of this process.