Industrias culturales y composición de los personajes en las series de animación infantil emitidas en España

Félix  Ortega-Mohedano; Alvaro  Jiménez-Sánchez; José María Lavín

doi:10.4185/RLCS-2018-1246-05

Authors

Félix Ortega-Mohedano University of Salamanca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2735-4813
Alvaro Jiménez-Sánchez Technical University of Ambato https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4249-8949
José María Lavín Technical University of Ambato https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-5154

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1246-05

Keywords:

Television, Spain, animated television series, cultural industry, audiovisual contents, children’s collective imagination

Abstract

Animated television series are one of the most popular audiovisual media formats consumed by Spanish children. Methods: The study is based on the analysis of 432 leading characters from 352 children’s animated series broadcast in Spain television, since its beginning until 2015. Data were obtained from different websites specialised in this subject. As most data were nominal, the statistical analysis was based on chi square tests, contingency tables and coefficients. Results and conclusions: There are significant differences across the animated series in terms of character composition (age, morphology, sex and aesthetic) and factors such as nationality and production year. There is an elite of production companies with distinctive cultural patterns, especially the productions from the USA, Japan and Spain.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Félix Ortega-Mohedano , University of Salamanca

Félix Ortega-Mohedano (Salamanca, 1973) is Associated Professor at the Department of Sociology and Audiovisual Communication of the University of Salamanca, Spain. Academic Dean of the University Institute of Education Sciences Research and Director of the MA degree programme in Audiovisual Communication, Research and Innovation of the same University. Author of research work on audiences, communication and education, audiovisual media structure and economy, published in Spanish and international journals. Member of the national R&D project Mapcom.es and director of the European project Webdatanet Cost Action IS1004.

H-Index: Https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=qS0FrGoAAAAJ&hl=es

Alvaro Jiménez-Sánchez , Technical University of Ambato

Álvaro Jiménez-Sánchez (Mérida, 1981) holds a PhD degree in Communication and BA degree in Psychology from the University of Salamanca. Professor in the BA programme in Social Communication and Associate Researcher at the Research and Development Directorate of the Technical University of Ambato. Director of several research projects on health communication. Currently directs a research project on the reduction of violence and sexism through the use of strategies in edu-entertainment. Co-Director of the Media and Communication Observatory (OMYCO)

José María Lavín, Technical University of Ambato

José María Lavín (Santander, 1971) holds a PhD degree in Information Systems and an MA degree in Decision Science, both from the Rey Juan Carlos University (Spain); an MA degree in European Union–Latin America International Cooperation from the Mora Institute (Mexico); a BA degree in Political Science and Sociology from UNED (Spain). Researcher in the areas of citizen participation and cinematography. Former co-director of the Castro Urdiales Film Library (Cantabria) for two years. Professor-researcher at the School of Jurisprudence and Social Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato

References

Aguaded, J. I. (1996): “Sociedad consumista y medios de comunicación”. Comunicar 7, 8-10. (http://goo.gl/SFK1Hf) (2017-04-16).

Astigarraga, I., Pavón, A. & Zuberogoitia, A. (2016): “Active audience?: interaction of young people with television and online video content”. Communication & Society, 29(3), 133-147. (http://goo.gl/U2vBYu) (2017-04-16).

Aubrey, J. S. & Harrison, K. (2004): “The Gender-Role Content of Children's Favorite Television Programs and Its Links to Their Gender-Related Perceptions”. Media Psychology, 6(2), 111-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_1

Bazzini, D., Curtin, L., Joslin, S., Regan, S. & Martz, D. (2010): “Do Animated Disney Characters Portray and Promote the Beauty–Goodness Stereotype?”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(10), 2687-2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00676.x

Bono, C. & Guichot-Reina, V. (2001): “De Blancanieves (1937) a Mulán (1998): análisis de los valores, normas y roles sociales transmitidos a través de las películas de Walt Disney”. In: Flecha, C. & Núñez, M. (Eds.), La educación de las mujeres: nuevas perspectivas (pp. 45-52). Sevilla: Universidad de Sevilla. Secretariado de Publicaciones. (https://goo.gl/jSWdgP ) (2017-04-16).

Brode, D. (2005): "Multiculturalism and the mouse: Race and sex in Disney entertainment". Austin: University of Texas Press.

Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (2002): "Media effects: Advances in theory and research". Mahwah, N. J: Lawrence Elbaum Associates.

Campos, L. L. & Garza, J. A. (2015): “Comunicación, democracia y consumo mediático: el despertar de las audiencias juveniles”. Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 128, 253-267. (http://goo.gl/uhNxiS) (2017-04-16).

Fernández, J. (2012): “Las audiencias infantiles y juveniles frente a la exigencia de calidad informativa”. In: García Jiménez, A. (Ed.), Comunicación, infancia y juventud. Situación e investigación en España (pp. 251-272). Barcelona: Editorial UOC. (https://goo.gl/hThFmb) (2017-04-16).

Gerbner, G. (1998): Cultivation analysis: An Overview. Mass Communication Research, 1(3-4), 175-194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15205436.1998.9677855

Gerbner, G. (2002): “Learning Productive Aging as a Social Role: the Lessons of Television”. In: Morgan, M. (Ed.), Against the Mainstream (pp. 350-364). Nueva York: Peter Lang Pub Inc. (https://goo.gl/w3N7wp) (2017-04-16).

Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli, N. & Shanahan, J. B. (2002): “Growing up with television: Cultivation processes”. In Bryant, J. & Zillmann, D. (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research, 2, (pp. 43-67). (https://goo.gl/A2zZvu ) (2017-04-16).

Igartua, J. J. (2007): “Persuasión narrativa: El papel de la identificación con los personajes a través de las culturas”. Sant Vicent Raspeig, Alicante: Editorial Club Universitario.

Igartua, J. J., Barrios, I. M. & Ortega, F. (2012): “Análisis de la imagen de la inmigración en la ficción televisiva de prime time”. Comunicación y sociedad, 25(2), 5-28. (http://goo.gl/RqSD04) (2017-04-16).

Igartua, J. J. & Humanes, M. L. (2004): “Teoría e investigación en comunicación social”. Madrid: Síntesis.

Leaper, C., Breed, L., Hoffman, L. & Perlman, C. A. (2002): “Variations in the Gender-Stereotyped Content of Children's Television Cartoons Across Genres”. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(8), 1653-1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02767.x

Lozano, J. C. (1996): “Teoría e investigación de la comunicación de masas”. México, D. F: Alhambra Mexicana.

Maraver, P. & Aguaded, J. I. (2014): “Transmisión de valores mediante la televisión”. Aspectos psicosociales de la comunicación, 115-126. Madrid: Ediciones Pirámide.

Medrano, C. (2006): “El poder educativo de la televisión”. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 11(1), 93-108. (http://goo.gl/iJZKgt) (2017-04-16).

Oliver, M. B. & Green, S. (2001): “Development of gender differences in children's responses to animated entertainment”. Sex Roles, 67-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013012401836

Ortega, F. & Igartua, J. J. (2012): “Televisión, infancia y consumos audiovisuales: la necesidad de medir, educar e investigar”. In García Jiménez, A. (Ed.), Comunicación, infancia y juventud. Situación e investigación en España (pp. 293-312). Barcelona: Editorial UOC.

Río, P., Álvarez, A. & Río, M. (2004): Pigmalión: Informe sobre el impacto de la televisión en la infancia. Ciudalcampo: Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje.

Sánchez-Labella, I. (2011): “Estereotipias femeninas en las series de animación actuales”. ADMIRA, 3, 104-131. (https://goo.gl/kTlr5O)(2017-04-16).

Sardar, Z. & Van, L. B. (2015): “Introducing media studies: A graphic guide”. London: Icon Books Ltd.

Sahuquillo, P. M. (2007): “Algunas aportaciones teóricas a la influencia de la televisión en el proceso de socialización de la infancia”. Teoría de la Educación. Revista Interuniversitaria, 19,191-224. (http://goo.gl/1Sup27) (2017-04-16).

Scheufele, D. A. & Tewksbury, D. (2007): “Framing, Agenda Setting, and Priming: The Evolution of Three Media Effects Models”. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00326.x

Vázquez, T. (2009): “Evaluación de la calidad de la programación infantil de las televisiones generalistas españolas”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 64, 844-861. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-64-2009-866-844-861