A proposal for the classification of immersive journalism genres based on the use of virtual reality and 360º video

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1375

Keywords:

Immersive journalism, virtual reality, 360-degree video, genres, immersion, immersive genres

Abstract

Introduction: The use of virtual reality and 360-degree video technologies in the field of journalism has led to the emergence of new lines of research, like the one addressed in this article. Objectives: This study focuses on the exploration of the different issues related to the production of pieces of the so-called immersive journalism and examines how the narrative elements of traditional journalism are reformulated in these immersive pieces. Methods: The study is based on the analysis of 2,178 pieces of immersive journalism produced by Spanish and international media companies, between 2012 and 2017. Results and conclusions: This analysis has allowed us to develop an innovative proposal for the classification of immersive journalism genres, which has not been done before. This typology is based on the analysis of the reformulation of the narrative elements of news storytelling within immersive journalism

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Adriana Paíno-Ambrosio, University of Salamanca

Adriana Paíno Ambrosio holds a PhD degree from the University of Salamanca, a BA degree in Journalism from the University of Valladolid, and a master’s degree in Communication and creative industries from the University of Santiago de Compostela. Her research work focuses on new digital journalism formats, interactive documentaries, cyber-journalism, immersive journalism and fiction and non-fiction transmedia storytelling.

María-Isabel Rodríguez-Fidalgo, University of Salamanca

María Isabel Rodríguez Fidalgo holds a PhD degree, a BA degree in Audiovisual communication and a Diploma in Social work, all from the University of Salamanca. Since 2003, her professional work focuses on the academic world, developing her teaching and research work in the private and public sectors: IE University, the University of Valladolid (2011-2014, Journalism) and the University of Salamanca (2003-2011), where she is currently a professor in the Department of Sociology and Communication, within the area of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising. Her current research work focuses on the design and construction of new multiscreen media content, new hypermedia-transmedia narratives (fiction and non-fiction interactive documentaries), immersive journalism as well as the uses of new technologies within the context of communication-cyberjournalism, and cyber-democracy. She is the author of several book chapters and articles published in important indexed journals. See the corresponding academic networks. 

References

AP. (2017): "A guide for journalists in a world of immersive 3-D content". Recuperado de https://goo.gl/dGmqze el 3 de enero de 2019.

Aronson-Rath, R., Milward, J., Owen, T. & Pitt, F. (2015): "Virtual Reality Journalism". Recuperado de https://goo.gl/SHcrDa el 3 de enero de 2019.

Baía, A. (2016): "Mundos Virtuais e Jornalismo Imersivo: uma resenha histórica e conceptual". Estudos de Jornalismo, 6(1). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/2H9yb5 el 3 de enero de 2019.

Benítez, A. (2016): "La realidad virtual aplicada al periodismo de marca" (Trabajo Fin de Grado, Universidad de Sevilla). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/rkwHQ3 el 3 de enero de 2019.

Benítez, M. J. & Herrera, S. (2017): "El reportaje inmersivo en vídeo 360º: diseño de un modelo de análisis". El profesional de la información, 27(1), 149-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.ene.14

Biocca, F. & Levy, M. (1995): "Communication in the Age of Virtual Reality". New Jersey, Estados Unidos: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bohrer, C. (2016): "The JJIE Virtual World Journalism Project: Experimenting with Virtual Worlds as an Emerging Journalism Platform". Recuperado de https://goo.gl/mwp7sC el 3 de enero de 2019.

Costa, L. (2017): "Jornalismo Imersivo de Realidade Virtual: Uma análise do documentário brasileiro Rio de Lama". 40º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/692c5B el 3 de enero de 2019.

Costa, L. & Brasil, A. (2017): "Realidade virtual: inovacão técnica e narrativa no jornalismo imersivo". Comunicação e cultura, 15(1), 141-161. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/76oN6r el 3 de enero de 2019.

Costa, L. & Cordeiro, W. (2016): “You are there!” Infografia e Realidade Virtual no Jornalismo Imersivo. Trabajo presentado en el 14º Encontro Nacional de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/29808419/_You_are_there_Infografia_e_Realidade_Virtual_no_Jornalismo_Imersivo el 3 de enero de 2019.

Cruz-Neira, C., Sandin, D. J., DeFanti, T. A., Kenyon, R. V. & Hart, J. C. (1992): "The Cave: Audio Visual Experience Automatic Virtual Environment". Communications of the ACM, 35(6), 65-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/129888.129892.

De la Peña, N. (2011): "Physical World News in Virtual Spaces. Representation and Embodiment in Immersive Nonfiction". Media Fields Journal, 3. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/3c3HEb el 3 de enero de 2019.

De la Peña, N. (2014): "Embodied Digital Rhetoric: Soft Selves, Plastic Presence, and the Nonfiction Narrative". En: Verhulsdonck, G. & Limbu, M. (eds.). "Digital Rhetoric and Global Literacies: Communication Modes and Digital Practices in the Networked World". Hershey: Information Science Reference. https://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4916-3.ch016

De la Peña, N. (2015): "¿El futuro del periodismo? La realidad virtual". Conferencia presentada en TED Women [Archivo de vídeo]. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/4Uew5X el 23 de noviembre de 2017.

De la Peña, N., Weil, P., Llobera, J., Giannopoulos, E., Pomés, A., Spaniang, B. et al. (2010): "Immersive journalism: Immersive virtual reality for the first-person experience of news". Presence: Teleoperators and virtual enviroments, 19(4), 291–301. https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/PRES_a_00005

Domínguez, E. (2017): "Going Beyond the Classic News Narrative Convention: The Background to and Challenges of immersion in Journalism. Front. Digit". Humanit, 4. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fdigh.2017.00010

Doyle, P., Gelman, M. & Gill, S. (2016): "Viewing the Future? Virtual Reality in Journalism. Knight Foundation". Recuperado de https://goo.gl/8ULYJh el 3 de enero de 2019.

Fagundes, A. & Guizzo, G. (2017): "Entre a Imersão e a Vivacidade: Em Busca de uma Classificação das Produções para Dispositivos de Realidade Virtual". 40º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/fP8qJF el 3 de enero de 2019.

Gonçalves, L. (2017): "Jornalismo inmersivo de realidade virtual: aspectos teóricos e técnicos para um modelo narrativo" (Universidade Feferal de Santa Catarina). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/sXiD1X el 3 de enero de 2019.

Guizzo, G. (2016): "Jornalismo imersivo: Explorações e caminhos para apropriações do acontecimento jornalístico a partir de experiências com dispositivos de realidade virtual". XVII Congresso de Ciências da Comunicação na Região Sul. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/FxpquL el 3 de enero de 2019.

Hardee, G. M. (2016): "Immersive Journalism in VR: Four Theoretical Domains for Researching a Narrative Design Framework". En: Lackey, S. & Shumaker, R. (Eds.). "Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality" (pp. 679-690). Suiza: Springer.

Hijazi, J. & Cuillier, D. (2017): "Effects of Virtual-Reality News Video on Transportation, Attitudes, Fact-Recall and Intentions to Act". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the AEJMC, Chicago Marriott Downtown Magnificent Mile, Chicago, IL. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/Qyhiog el 3 de enero de 2019.

Jones, S. (2017): "Disrupting the narrative: immersive journalism in virtual reality". Journal of Media Practice, 18(2-3), 171-185. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682753.2017.1374677

Kishore, S., Navarro, X., Domínguez, E., De la Peña, N. & Slater, M. (2016): "Beaming into the News: A System for and Case Study of Tele-Immersive Journalism". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 99. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2016.44

Kool, H. (2016): "The Ethics of Immersive Journalism: A rhetorical analysis of news storytelling with virtual reality technology". Intersect, 9(3), 1-11. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/gvesP1

Landis, J. R. & Koch, G. C. (1977): "The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data". Biometrics, 33, 159-174. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2529310

López, A. (2016): "El periodismo que contará el futuro". Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 131, 239-256. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/jknvtA el 3 de enero de 2019.

López, A. & Fernández, A. (2016): "Retos para la consolidación del reportaje inmersivo. Estudio de caso de las experiencias pioneras en España de El Mundo y El País". Mediatika, 15, 125-140. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/pRbr8y el 3 de enero de 2019.

Pérez, S. (2015): "Periodismo inmersivo: de público a actor de la información. De los medios a los metamedios". Actas I Simposio de la Red Internacional de Investigación de Gestión de la Comunicación, 63-72. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/EirVWa el 3 de enero de 2019.

Pérez, S. (2016): "Origen y evolución del periodismo inmersivo en el panorama internacional. De los medios y la comunicación. De las organizaciones a las redes de valor". Actas del II Simposio de la Red Internacional de Investigación de Gestión de la Comunicación, 402-418. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/qjUdgj el 3 de enero de 2019.

Pérez, S. (2017): "Immersive Journalism: From Audience to First-Person Experience of News". En: Freire, F. C., et al. (eds.). "Media and Metamedia Management, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing", 503 (pp.113-119). https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46068-0_14

Pérez, S. & Campos, F. (2016a): "La ética de la realidad virtual en los medios de comunicación". Memorias del XIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Investigadores de la Comunicación. Ética, Libertad de Expresión y Derecho a la Comunicación (pp. 167-172). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/iiVqKb el 3 de enero de 2019.

Pérez, S. & Campos, F. (2016b): "Las técnicas inmersivas en las televisiones públicas europeas: primeras aplicaciones y evolución práctica". En: Herrero, J. & Mateos, C. (Coords.). "Del verbo al bit" (pp. 1011-1036). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/LgeQjK el 3 de enero de 2019.

Pérez, S. & Campos, F. (2017): "Las técnicas inmersivas en las televisiones públicas: aplicaciones y evolución". En: Túñez, M., Campos-Freire, F. & Silva, A. (Eds.). "Estudios sobre financiación, legislación e innovación en la Televisión Pública". Cuadernos Artesanos de Comunicación, CAC126 (pp. 101-126). La Laguna (Tenerife): Latina.

Robson, W. & Costa, L. (2016): "Jornalismo inmersivo: perspectivas para os novos formatos". Letras do Jornalismo, 2(6), 99-116. Recuperado de https://www.academia.edu/28895319/Jornalismo_Imersivo_perspectivas_para_os_novos_formatos el 3 de enero de 2019.

Rubio-Tamayo, J. L. & Gértrudix, M. (2016): "Realidad Virtual (HMD) e Interacción desde la Perspectiva de la Construcción Narrativa y la Comunicación: Propuesta Taxonómica". Icono 14, 14(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v14i2.965

Shin, D. & Biocca, F. (2017): "Exploring immersive experience in journalism". New media & society, 1-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444817733133

Sidorenko, P., Cantero, J. J. & Herranz, J. M. (2017): "La realidad vitual y el formato multimedia en 360º como mecanismo de enriquecimiento de los contenidos periodísticos". En: Sierra, J. (Coord). Nuevas tecnologías audiovisuales para nuevas narrativas interactivas digitales en la era del multidispositivo (pp. 99-108). Madrid, España: McGraw Hill.

Singh, K. (2015): "Virtual Reality Journalism: Changing the Narratives of News". Centre for Power Studies (CAPS), Forum for National Security Studies (FNSS). Recuperado de https://goo.gl/mbheBQ el 3 de enero de 2019.

Sirkkunen, E., Väätäjä, H., Uskali, T. & Rezaei, P. P. (2016): "Journalism in Virtual Reality: Opportunities and Future Research Challenges". Academic MindTrek'16: Proceedings of the 20th International Academic MindTrek Conference (pp. 297-303). New York, Estados Unidos: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2994310.2994353

Slater, M. & Sánchez-Vives, M. V. (2016): "Enhancing Our Lives with Immersive Virtual Reality". Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 3(74), 1-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2016.00074

Uskali, T., Väätäjä, H. & Sirkkunen, E. (2017): "Virtual reality prototyping in journalism. How to best collaborate with agile methods". Nordicom-Information, 39(1), 28-31. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/Fh7qV8 el 3 de enero de 2019.

Vázquez-Herrero, J. & López-García, X. (2017): "Immersive Journalism through Mobile Devices: How Virtual Reality Apps Are Changing News Consumption". En: Rocha, A., et al. (Eds.), "Recent Advances in Information Systems and Technologies", 3 (pp. 3-12). Suiza: Springer.

Witt, L., Kperogi, F. A., Writer, G., Bohrer, C. & Negash, S. (2016): "Journalism: How One University Used Virtual Worlds to Tell True Stories". The official research journal of the International Symposium on online journalism, 6(1), 5-32. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/G942b1 el 3 de enero de 2019.

Zahoric, P. & Jenison, R. L. (1998): "Presence as Being-in-the-World". Presence, 7(1), 78-89. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.525.3651&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Downloads

Published

2019-07-16

How to Cite

Paíno-Ambrosio, A., & Rodríguez-Fidalgo, M.-I. . (2019). A proposal for the classification of immersive journalism genres based on the use of virtual reality and 360º video. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (74), 1132–1153. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1375

Issue

No. 74 (2019)

Section

Miscellaneous
Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC