Dialogic communication 2.0. Analysis of interactions in Latin American organizations

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1373

Keywords:

communication, Latin America, social networks, Facebook, organizations, engagement

Abstract

Introduction. Social networks are key communication tools that enable organizations to engage in dialogue with their publics. Methodology. The objective is to determine, through content analysis, how Latin American organizations are using Facebook to foster dialogue with their publics. Results. Organizations have a prominent presence and a good level of activity on Facebook, but their interaction rate is low. Discussion and Conclusions. Organizations are using Facebook as a tool for disseminating information but not as a channel of communication with their publics; instead they maintain an unidirectional and non-dialogical approach. Their approach to communication focuses on increasing their visibility and fails to take advantage of the opportunities offered by social networks to generate and maintain relationships with their publics through dialogue and the exchange of information

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Paul Capriotti, Universitat Rovira i Virgili

He is currently PhD on Communication Sciences by Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), professor of public relations and corporate communication of Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) and guest professor in Spanish and Latin American universities. He is author of several books, among them Branding corporativo (2009) [Corporate Branding], and of different articles in journals of international prestige. He is also director of Bidireccional, a consultancy firm of communication strategy and mediatic reputation.

Ileana Zeler, Universitat Rovira i Virgili

She is currently PhD on communication by Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). Professor of Communication and Public Relations in URV. She is author of articles in international scientific journals. Her research is focused on “organizational communication”, “public relations”, “corporate social responsibility” and “social media”.

Oliveira Oliveira, Universitat de Girona

She is currently PhD on Communication Sciences by Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV). Professor of communication management in crisis situations and of corporate image in Universitat de Girona and of Public Relations Techniques in URV. Author of different articles in journals of international prestige. Her interests are focused on “public relations”, “communication in crisis situations”, “communication and health” and “social media”.

References

Abitbol, A. & Lee, S. Y. (2017). Messages on CSR-dedicated Facebook pages: What works and what doesn’t. Public Relations Review, 43(4), 796–808. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.05.002

Altamirano Benitez, V., Marín-Gutiérrez, I. & Ordóñez González, K. (2018). Comunicación turística 2.0 en Ecuador. Análisis de las empresas públicas y privadas. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, 633–647. http://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1273

Berens, G. & Van Riel, C. B. M. (2004). Corporate Associations in the Academic Literature: Three Main Streams of Thought in the Reputation Measurement Literature. Corporate Reputation Review, 7(2), 161–178. http://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1540218

Capriotti, P. (2009). Economic and Social Roles of Companies in the Mass Media: The Impact Media Visibility Has on Businesses’ Being Recognized as Economic and Social Actors. Business & Society, 48(2), 225–242. http://doi.org/10.1177/0007650307305724

Capriotti, P. (2012). Las Vegas en Los Monegros: Evaluating the mass media coverage of the social and economic impact of a business project from a corporate communication perspective. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodistico, 18(1), 305–320. http://doi.org/10.5209/rev_ESMP.2012.v18.n1.39372

Capriotti, P., Carretón, C. & Castillo, A. (2016). Testing the level of interactivity of institutional websites: From museums 1.0 to museums 2.0. International Journal of Information Management, 36(1). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.10.003

Capriotti, P. & Losada-Díaz, J. C. (2018). Facebook as a dialogic communication tool at the most visited museums of the world. El Profesional de La Informacion, 27(3).

Carim, L. & Warwick, C. (2013). Use of social media for corporate communications by research-funding organisations in the UK. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 521–525. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.08.006

Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility. Business and Society, 38(3), 268–295. http://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/000765039903800303

Cho, M., Furey, L. & Mohr, T. (2016). Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility on Social Media: Strategies, Stakeholders, and Public Engagement on Corporate Facebook. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 80(1), 52–69. http://doi.org/10.1177/2329490616663708

Cho, M., Schweickart, T. & Haase, A. (2014). Public engagement with nonprofit organizations on Facebook. Public Relations Review, 40(3), 565–567. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.01.008

Chung, A. Q. H., Andreev, P., Benyoucef, M., Duane, A. & O’Reilly, P. (2017). Managing an organisation’s social media presence: An empirical stages of growth model. International Journal of Information Management, 37(1), 1405–1417. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.10.003

Claes, F. & Deltell, L. (2013). Museos Sociales. Perfiles Museísticos en Twitter y Facebook 2012-2013. El Profesional de La Informacion, 23(6), 594–602. http://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2014.nov.06

Cortado, F. J. & Chalmeta, R. (2016). Use of social networks as a CSR communication tool. Cogent Business & Management, 3(1), 1187783. http://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1187783

Damásio, M. J., Dias, P. & Andrade, J. G. (2012). The PR Pyramid : Social media and the new role of Public Relations in organizations. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 2(4), 11–30. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/RIRP-4-201201-11-30

Devaney, E. (2015). Social Media Benchmarks Report • 2015. Retrieved from https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/53/file-2415418647-pdf/00-OFFERS-HIDDEN/social-media-benchmarks-2015.pdf?t=1423113374840

Dijkmans, C. & Kerkhof, P. (2015). Online Conversation and Corporate Reputation : A Two-Wave Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Exposure to the Social Media Activities of a. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 20, 632–648. http://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12132

DiStaso, M. W. & McCorkindale, T. (2013). A Benchmark Analysis of the Strategic Use of Social Media for Fortune’s Most Admired U.S. Companies on Facebook, Twitter and Youtube. Public Relations Journal, 7(1), 1–33.

DiStaso, M. W., McCorkindale, T. & Wright, D. K. (2011). How public relations executives perceive and measure the impact of social media in their organizations. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 325–328. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.06.005

Duggan, M. & Page, D. (2015). Mobile Messaging and Social Media 2015. Pew Research Center, pp. 1–20. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/19/mobile-messaging-and-social-media-2015/

Eisenegger, M. & Schranz, M. (2011). Reputation Management and Corporate Social Responsibility. In Ihlen, Ø., Bartlett, J. L. & May, S. (Eds.), The handbook of Communication and Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 129–146). Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.

Escalas Ribas, A. M. (2014). Relaciones entre las principales redes sociales y los medios de comunicación en España. Una revisión al estado de la cuestión. TecCom Studies, 5, 104–113.

Estudio de Comunicación. (2017). Presencia de las empresas del Ibex 35 en el entorno digital. Tercera edición. Retrieved 21 February 2017, from https://www.estudiodecomunicacion.com/servicios/presencia-de-las-empresas-del-ibex35-en-el-entorno-digital/

Facebook. (2017). Facebook newsroom: Company Info. Retrieved 10 July 2017, from http://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/

Floreddu, P. B., Cabiddu, F. & Evaristo, R. (2014). Inside your social media ring: How to optimize online corporate reputation. Business Horizons, 57(6), 737–745. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.07.007

Fosk, A. (2015). Futuro Digital LATAM 2015. ComScore. Retrieved from http://www.comscore.com/lat/FuturoDigital2015

García-De-Torres, E., Yezers’ka, L., Rost, A., Calderí­n, M., Edo, C., Rojano, M., Corredoira, L. (2011). Uso de Twitter y Facebook por los medios iberoamericanos. El Profesional de La Informacion, 20(6), 611–620. http://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2011.nov.02

Giraldo-Luque, S., Villegas-Simón, I. & Carniel Bugs, R. (2017). ¿Cómo usan los parlamentos las redes sociales? Un estudio comparado y longitudinal aplicado a países de América y Europa (2010 , 2015 y 2017). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 72, 1.278-1.299. http://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2017-1219

Haigh, M. M., Brubaker, P. & Whiteside, E. (2013). Facebook: examining the information presented and its impact on stakeholders. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 18(1), 52–69. http://doi.org/10.1108/13563281311294128

Huang, Y. C., Lin, Y. & Saxton, G. D. (2016). Give Me a Like: How HIV/AIDS Nonprofit Organizations can Engage their Audience on Facebook. AIDS Education and Prevention, 28(6), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2016.28.6.539

Iniesta, C. R. (2012). El uso de las herramientas digitales por parte de los bancos. El caso de la imagen en Internet de Banco Santander y BBVA en época de crisis. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, II, 51–72.

Interactive Advertising Bureau. (2016). Estudio anual de Redes Sociales. Madrid. Retrieved from https://es.slideshare.net/IAB_Spain/estudio-anual-de-redes-sociales-2016

Invodo. (2016). Video Statistics. The Marketer’s Summary 2016. Retrieved from http://www.webvideomarketing.org/pdf/Video-Statistics-The-Marketers-Summary-2016-invodo.pdf

Jo, S. & Kim, Y. (2003). The Effect of Web Characteristics on Relationship Building. Journal of Public Relations Research, 15(3), 199–223. http://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1503_1

Jordan, R. (2017). How Frequently Should I Post to Facebook? — Rachel B Jordan. Retrieved 21 June 2017, from http://www.rachelbjordan.com/blog/how-frequently-should-i-post-to-facebook

Jung, E. H. & Sundar, S. S. (2016). Senior citizens on Facebook: How do they interact and why? Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 27–35. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.080

Kang, H. & Sundar, S. S. (2016). When Self Is the Source: Effects of Media Customization on Message Processing. Media Psichology, 19(4), 1–28. http://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1121829

Kaushik, A. (2011). Best social media metrics: Conversation, amplification, applause, economic value. Retrieved 10 March 2017, from http://www.kaushik.net/avinash/best-social-media-metrics-conversation-amplification-applause-economic-value/

Kemp, S. (2018). Digital in 2018: world’s Internet users pass the 4 billion mark. Retrieved 20 May 2018, from https://wearesocial.com/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018

Kent, M. L. (2013). Using social media dialogically: Public relations role in reviving democracy. Public Relations Review, 39(4), 337–345. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.07.024

Ki, E. J. & Nekmat, E. (2014). Situational crisis communication and interactivity: Usage and effectiveness of Facebook for crisis management by Fortune 500 companies. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 140–147. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.039

Kim, S., Kim, S. Y. & Hoon Sung, K. (2014). Fortune 100 companies ’ Facebook strategies: corporate ability versus social responsibility. Journal of Communication Management, 18(4), 343–362. http://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-01-2012-0006

Lee, S. (2016). How can companies succeed in forming CSR reputation? Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 21(4), 435–449. http://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-01-2016-0009

Li, T., Berens, G. & Maertelaere, M. (2013). Corporate Twitter Channels: The Impact of Engagement and Informedness on Corporate Reputation. International Journal Of Electronic Commerce, 18(2), 97–126. http://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415180204

Linke, A. & Zerfass, A. (2012). Future trends in social media use for strategic organisation communication : Results of a Delphi study. Public Communication Review, 2(2), 17–29. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c820/ba6d592e18c7e249581c5cc495dd57b281ef.pdf

Losada-Díaz, J. C. & Capriotti, P. (2015). La comunicación de los museos de arte en Facebook: comparación entre las principales instituciones internacionales y españolas. Palabra Clave, 18(3), 889–904. http://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2015.18.3.11

Luarn, P., Lin, Y. F. & Chiu, Y. P. (2015). Influence of Facebook brand-page posts on online engagement. Online Information Review, 39(4), 505–519.

Macnamara, J. (2016). Organizational listening: Addressing a major gap in public relations theory and practice. Journal of Public Relations Research, 28(3/4), 146–169. http://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1228064

Mander, J. (2016). GWI SOCIAL SUMMARY: GlobalWebIndex´s quaterly report on the latest trends in socia networking. Retrieved 24 June 2016, from https://bit.ly/3kKJRNS

Moreno, A., Molleda, J. C., Athaydes, A., Suárez, A. M., Herrera, B. & Álvarez Nobell, A. (2017). Latin American Communication Monitor 2016-2017. Tendencias en Comunicación Estratégica: big data, automatización, engagement, influencers,coaching y competencias. Resultados de una encuesta en 17 países. EUPRERA/DIRCOM. Madrid, España.

Narayanan, M., Asur, S., Nair, A., Rao, S., Kaushik, A., Mehta, D. y Lalwani, R. (2012). Social media and business. Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers, 37(4), 69–111. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2015.12.006

Neill, M. S. & Moody, M. (2015). Who is responsible for what? Examining strategic roles in social media management. Public Relations Review, 41(1), 109–118. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.10.014

Noguera Vivo, J. M. (2010). Redes sociales como paradigma periodístico . Medios españoles en Facebook. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 65, 176–186. http://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-65-2010-891-176-186

Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I. & Ainin, S. (2014). Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers. Telematics and Informatics, 32(1), 67–78. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.03.001

Patel, N. (2016). How Frequently You Should Post on Social Media According to the Pros. Retrieved 21 June 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilpatel/2016/09/12/how-frequently-you-should-post-on-social-media-according-to-the-pros/#4356de7e240f

Pletikosa Cvijikj, I. & Michahelles, F. (2013). Online engagement factors on Facebook brand pages. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 843–861. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-013-0098-8

Quintly. (2016). Brand Study H1 2016: How do 30 of the biggest brands use Facebook? Retrieved from https://www.quintly.com/blog/2016/10/30-biggest-brands-on-facebook-analyzed-in-depth/

Serrano-Cobos, J. (2016). Tendencias tecnológicas en internet: hacia un cambio de paradigma. El Profesional de La Información, 25(6), 843–850. http://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.nov.01

Shih, C. C. (2009). The Facebook Era: Tapping Online Social Networks to Built Better Products, Reach New Audiences, and Sell More Stuff. (Taub, M. Ed.). USA: Prentice Hall.

Shin, W., Pang, A. & Kim, H. J. (2015). Building Relationships Through Integrated Online Media: Global Organizations’ Use of Brand Web Sites, Facebook, and Twitter. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 29(2), 184–220. http://doi.org/10.1177/1050651914560569

Sixto Garcia, J., Aguado Dominguez, N. & Riveiro Castro, R. (2017). Presencia 2.0 de las pymes gallegas: niveles de participación y engagement con los usuarios. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 72, 47–68. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5822691

Sprout Social. (2016). Turned Off : How Brands Are Annoying Customers on Social. THE Q3 2016 Sprout Social Index. Retrieved from https://sproutsocial.com/insights/data/es-3t-de-2016/

Statista. (2017). Average number of weekly posts on social media in the U.S. 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2017, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/620974/average-number-brand-posts-social-media/

Statista. (2018). Ranking mundial de los 10 países con más usuarios de Facebook a fecha de abril de 2018 (en millones). Retrieved 20 May 2018, from https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/518638/ranking-de-los-paises-con-mas-usuarios-de-facebook-a-nivel-mundial/

Sundstrom, B. & Levenshus, A. B. (2017). The art of engagement: dialogic strategies on Twitter. Journal of Communication Management, 21(1), 17–33. http://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2015-0057

Taylor, M. & Kent, M. L. (2014). Dialogic Engagement: Clarifying Foundational Concepts. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26(5), 384–398. http://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.956106

Valentini, C. (2015). Is using social media ‘good’ for the public relations profession? A critical reflection. Public Relations Review, 41(2), 170–177. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.11.009

Valerio Ureña, G., Herrera Murillo, D., Herrera Murillo, N. & Martínez Garza, F. J. (2015). Propósitos de la comunicación entre empresas y sus seguidores en Facebook. Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 70, 110–121. http://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1037

Van den Berg, A. C. & Verhoeven, J. W. M. (2017). Understanding social media governance: seizing opportunities, staying out of trouble. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 22(1), 149–164. http://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-06-2015-0035

Waddock, S. (2004). Parallel universes: Companies, academics, and the progress of corporate citizenship. Business and Society Review, 109(1), 5–42. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.0045-3609.2004.00002.x

Wang, Y. (2015). Incorporating Social Media in Public Relations : A Synthesis of Social Media-Related Public Relations Research. Public Relations Journal, 9(2007), 1–14.

Wissen Van, N. (2017). Building Stakeholder Relations Online : How Nonprofit Organizations Use Dialogic and Relational Maintenance Strategies on Facebook. Communication Management Review, 2(April), 54–74. http://doi.org/10.22522/cmr20170119

Yang, S. U., Kang, M. & Cha, H. (2015). A Study on Dialogic Communication, Trust, and Distrust: Testing a Scale for Measuring Organization–Public Dialogic Communication (OPDC). Journal of Public Relations Research, 27(2), 175–192. http://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2015.1007998

Published

2019-07-02

How to Cite

Capriotti, Paul, Ileana Zeler, and Oliveira Oliveira. 2019. “Dialogic communication 2.0. Analysis of interactions in Latin American organizations”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, no. 74 (July):1094-1113. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1373.

Issue

Section

Miscellaneous

Most read articles by the same author(s)