Child-juvenile risks during confinement due to COVID-19: review of family prevention measures in Spain

Abstract

Introduction: On March 14, 2020, the Spanish Government declared a state of alarm to face the health emergency situation caused by the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. The greatest impact of the restrictions applied by the lack of contact with the main areas of socialization has been on childhood and adolescence. The increase in the rates of family violence and the abusive consumption of gambling or pornography show the need to reinforce family prevention measures. Methodology: a review of the main family prevention measures applied in Spain was carried out. They are classified according to the levels of prevention (primary / educational-secondary / socio-educational-tertiary / psychological) and complementary measures identified at the international level are proposed. Results: a large part of the Spanish prevention measures are tertiary in nature. Psychological telephone support was the measure most widely applied in the different regions of the Spanish state. Discussion: Despite the emerging risks in Spanish households during confinement by COVID-19, no resources were identified so that families can effectively manage daily family dynamics. Conclusions: the need to provide primary risk prevention resources, aimed at improving family communication and parental skills, in order to reduce rates of family violence and the inappropriate use of ICT by children and adolescents, is concluded.