Créetelo o no. El rol de la ideología como predictor de la confianza en los medios convencionales y los medios sociales durante la COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2024-2141Palabras clave:
comunicación política, ideología, confianza, noticias, medios sociales, medios de comunicacion, informaciónResumen
Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar en qué medida la ideología interviene en la confianza de los ciudadanos en las noticias que aparecen en los medios tradicionales y sociales durante la COVID-19. Metodología: Para ello se utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo basado en la técnica de la encuesta online. El cuestionario se lanzó en julio de 2021 a través de la plataforma Qualtrics y fue respondido por 2.803 ciudadanos residentes en Brasil (726), España (682), Estados Unidos (694) e India (702). Resultados: Encontramos una conexión entre ideología y confianza en los medios tradicionales, fuertemente condicionada por el contexto sociopolítico. Además, los ciudadanos de derecha tienden a confiar más en la información que reciben de plataformas digitales como Twitter, Facebook, Instagram o WhatsApp que los ciudadanos de izquierda. Este impacto desigual de la confianza en los medios podría resultar en un efecto heterogéneo de las noticias falsas, con ciudadanos de derecha con una mayor confianza en las noticias políticas que aparecen en las redes sociales. Discusión y Conclusiones: Este artículo contribuye a ampliar el conocimiento previo sobre la confianza en las redes sociales y los medios convencionales haciendo énfasis en los factores que tienen una influencia predominante en cuatro países con diferentes estructuras sociales y políticas, y distintos sistemas mediáticos. En este contexto, se ha observado cómo la ideología es un factor esencial en todos ellos. Cuando se controla por esta variable, y a pesar de lo que habían determinado estudios previos (Newman et al., 2021), factores como el nivel educativo o los ingresos no parecen jugar un papel significativo.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Guillermo Cordero, Laura Alonso-Muñoz, Andreu Casero-Ripollés
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Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana
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Comunidad de Madrid
Números de la subvención SI3/PJI/2021-00384