Believe it or not. The role of ideology as a predictor of trust in mainstream and social media during COVID-19

Guillermo Cordero; Laura Alonso-Muñoz; Andreu Casero-Ripollés

doi:10.4185/rlcs-2024-2141

Autores/as

Guillermo Cordero Universidad Autónoma de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-0450
Laura Alonso-Muñoz Universitat Jaume I de Castelló https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-1064
Andreu Casero-Ripollés Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2024-2141

Palabras clave:

comunicación política, ideología, confianza, noticias, medios sociales, medios de comunicacion, información

Resumen

Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar en qué medida la ideología interviene en la confianza de los ciudadanos en las noticias que aparecen en los medios tradicionales y sociales durante la COVID-19. Metodología: Para ello se utiliza un enfoque cuantitativo basado en la técnica de la encuesta online. El cuestionario se lanzó en julio de 2021 a través de la plataforma Qualtrics y fue respondido por 2.803 ciudadanos residentes en Brasil (726), España (682), Estados Unidos (694) e India (702). Resultados: Encontramos una conexión entre ideología y confianza en los medios tradicionales, fuertemente condicionada por el contexto sociopolítico. Además, los ciudadanos de derecha tienden a confiar más en la información que reciben de plataformas digitales como Twitter, Facebook, Instagram o WhatsApp que los ciudadanos de izquierda. Este impacto desigual de la confianza en los medios podría resultar en un efecto heterogéneo de las noticias falsas, con ciudadanos de derecha con una mayor confianza en las noticias políticas que aparecen en las redes sociales. Discusión y Conclusiones: Este artículo contribuye a ampliar el conocimiento previo sobre la confianza en las redes sociales y los medios convencionales haciendo énfasis en los factores que tienen una influencia predominante en cuatro países con diferentes estructuras sociales y políticas, y distintos sistemas mediáticos. En este contexto, se ha observado cómo la ideología es un factor esencial en todos ellos. Cuando se controla por esta variable, y a pesar de lo que habían determinado estudios previos (Newman et al., 2021), factores como el nivel educativo o los ingresos no parecen jugar un papel significativo.

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Biografía del autor/a

Guillermo Cordero, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Guillermo Cordero es Profesor Titular en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Ha sido investigador visitante en la Universidad de Essex, la Universidad de Michigan, la Universität Mannheim, la Université de Montréal y la Universidad de California, Berkeley. Cordero también es Coordinador de la Red de Investigación "Partidos Políticos, Sistemas de Partidos y Elecciones" en el Council for European Studies (CES). En cuanto a su producción académica, ha publicado en revistas internacionales revisadas por pares como Political Studies Review, Government & Opposition, Parliamentary Affairs, South European Society & Politics y West European Politics, entre otras. También ha editado libros en Routledge y Palgrave.

Laura Alonso-Muñoz, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

Laura Alonso-Muñoz es profesora de Periodismo en la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló (España). Tiene un doctorado en Ciencias de la Comunicación, un grado en Periodismo y un Máster en Nuevas Tendencias y Procesos de Innovación en Comunicación de la Universitat Jaume I. También tiene una licenciatura en Ciencias Políticas y de la Administración de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona). Sus estudios se han centrado en el análisis del impacto de Internet en la democracia y el activismo político, en el uso de las redes sociales por parte de actores políticos, ciudadanos y los medios de comunicación, y en el estudio del fenómeno populista en el entorno digital. Ha publicado en American Behavioral Scientist, The Journal of International Communication y European Politics & Society, entre otras.

Andreu Casero-Ripollés, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

Andreu Casero-Ripollés es Profesor Titular de Periodismo en la Universitat Jaume I de Castelló (España). Fue decano de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, director del Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación y vicedecano del Grado en Periodismo. Actualmente, es presidente de la Sociedad Española de Periodística (SEP). Sus líneas de investigación se centran en la comunicación política digital y las transformaciones del periodismo en la era digital. Ha dirigido, como investigador principal, un total de 11 proyectos de investigación. Ha realizado estancias de investigación en la Universidad de Columbia, la Universidad de Westminster, la Universidade do Porto y la Università degli Studi di Firenze. Ha sido incluido en el 2% de los científicos más citados del mundo en Scopus en su disciplina.

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