Believe it or not. The role of ideology as a predictor of trust in mainstream and social media during COVID-19

Guillermo Cordero; Laura Alonso-Muñoz; Andreu Casero-Ripollés

doi:10.4185/rlcs-2024-2141

Authors

Guillermo Cordero Universidad Autónoma de Madrid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-0450
Laura Alonso-Muñoz Universitat Jaume I de Castelló https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-1064
Andreu Casero-Ripollés Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2024-2141

Keywords:

political communication, ideology, trust, news, social media, mass media, information

Abstract

Introduction: The goal of this article is to analyze the extent to which ideology intervenes in citizens' trust in the news that appears in traditional and social media during COVID-19. Methodology: To do this, a quantitative approach based on the online survey technique is used. The questionnaire was launched in July 2021 through the Qualtrics platform and was answered by 2,803 citizens residing in Brazil (726), Spain (682), the United States (694), and India (702). Results: We found a connection between ideology and confidence in traditional media, strongly conditioned by the socio-political context. In addition, right-wing citizens tend to trust the information they receive from digital platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or WhatsApp better than left-wing citizens. This uneven impact of trust in the media could result in a heterogeneous effect of fake news, with right-wing citizens most likely believing political news appearing on social media Discussion and Conclusions: This article contributes to expanding prior knowledge about the trust in mainstream and social media, with considerable emphasis on the factors that have a predominant influence in four countries with different social and political structures and media systems: Spain, United States, India, and Brazil. In this context, it has been observed how ideology is an essential factor in all of them. When this relevant variable is controlled for, and despite what previous studies had determined (Newman et al., 2021), factors such as educational or income level do not seem to play a significant role.

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Author Biographies

Guillermo Cordero, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Guillermo Cordero is a Full Professor at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). He has been visiting research fellow at the University of Essex, the University of Michigan, the Universität Mannheim, the Université de Montréal and the University of California, Berkeley. Cordero is also Co-Chair of the Research Network “Political Parties, Party Systems and Elections” at the Council for European Studies (CES). In relation to his academic output, he has published in international peer reviewed journals such as Political Studies Review, Government & Opposition, Parliamentary Affairs, South European Society & Politics and West European Politics, among others. He has also edited books in Routledge and Palgrave.

Laura Alonso-Muñoz, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

Laura Alonso-Muñoz is lecturer in Journalism at the Universitat Jaume I of Castelló (Spain). She holds a PhD in Communication Sciences, a degree in Journalism and a Master's Degree in New Trends and Innovation Processes in Communication from the Universitat Jaume I. She also has a degree in Political and Administration Sciences from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona). Her studies have focused on the analysis of the impact of the internet on democracy and political activism, on the use of social media by political actors, citizens, and the media, and on the study of the populist phenomenon in the digital environment. She has published in American Behavioral Scientist, The Journal of International Communication, and European Politics & Society, among others.

Andreu Casero-Ripollés, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló

Andreu Casero-Ripollés is a Full Professor of Journalism at the Universitat Jaume I of Castelló (Spain). He was the Dean of the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, director of the Department of Communication Sciences and vice-dean of the Degree in Journalism. Currently, he is president of the Spanish Society of Journalism (SEP). His lines of research focus on digital political communication and the transformations of journalism in the digital age. He has directed, as principal investigator, a total of 11 research projects. He has carried out research stays at Columbia University, the University of Westminster, the Universidade do Porto and the Università degli Studi di Firenze. He has been included within the 2% of the most cited scientists in the world in Scopus for his discipline.

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