La minería de litio en Chile: Cómo los medios de comunicación alemanes reflejan la comunicación estratégica sobre sostenibilidad del sector automotriz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2027-2656Palabras clave:
News media framing, Sustainability communication, Automotive industry, E-mobility, Lithium mining, Agenda-building, Chile, German news mediaResumen
Introducción: El cambio global hacia la movilidad eléctrica ha intensificado el escrutinio sobre el abastecimiento de materias primas, en particular la extracción de litio en Chile, esencial para la industria automovilística. Sin embargo, se sabe menos sobre cómo los medios de comunicación alemanes retratan y evalúan la sostenibilidad de la extracción de litio y cómo se representan en este debate los mensajes corporativos del sector automovilístico. Metodología: Este estudio analiza cómo los medios de comunicación alemanes enmarcan la sostenibilidad de la extracción de litio en Chile, centrándose en las diferencias ideológicas entre los distintos medios, las representaciones de las empresas automovilísticas en la cobertura informativa y sus implicaciones para las prioridades industriales y medioambientales en torno al debate. Un análisis cualitativo de contenido de 192 artículos de cinco medios principales (2009-2024) revela narrativas diferenciadas. Resultados: El medio de tendencia izquierdista Zeit Online y el periódico sensacionalista Bild hacen hincapié en las consecuencias socioecológicas, mientras que el periódico financiero Handelsblatt y el medio liberal FAZ ponen de relieve los riesgos económicos; el periódico conservador Welt combina preocupaciones medioambientales y geopolíticas. Los resultados ponen de relieve cambios temporales, de modo que los artículos posteriores a 2020 reflejan una mayor conciencia global sobre las cuestiones geopolíticas. Discusión: Los resultados sugieren que la cobertura informativa alemana enmarca cada vez más la extracción de litio a través de preocupaciones interrelacionadas de carácter medioambiental, industrial y geopolítico, mientras que las empresas automovilísticas ocupan posiciones desiguales de visibilidad dentro de estos debates mediáticos sobre la sostenibilidad. Conclusiones: Al identificar cómo se representan las empresas automovilísticas en la cobertura informativa, el estudio pone de relieve patrones que son coherentes con las dinámicas de construcción de la agenda en la interacción entre las empresas automovilísticas y los medios de comunicación.
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