Prensa y conflicto vasco (1975-2016): Recopilatorio de actitudes y vicisitudes

Txema  Ramírez de la Piscina Martínez; Imanol Murua Uria; Petxo Idoiaga Arrospide

doi:10.4185/RLCS-2016-1132

Authors

Txema Ramírez de la Piscina Martínez University of the Basque Country http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1071-7446
Imanol Murua Uria University of the Basque Country http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1083-7731
Petxo Idoiaga Arrospide University of the Basque Country http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5654-3686

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2016-1132

Keywords:

Basque conflict, press coverage, conflict resolution, ETA

Abstract

This work carries out a wide analysis of the attitudes and vicissitudes which have surrounded the Basque and Spanish press coverage of the Basque conflict over the last four decades (1975-2016). Methodology. The methodology is eminently qualitative. Four techniques were used simultaneously: A direct observation study carried out by the researchers throughout their long professional and academic trajectory; two hemerographic studies (the first carried out between 1979 and 1996 and the second between 1998 and 2002); a content analysis of ten paradigmatic news items and a discussion group with experts on the subject (2016). Results. The authors distinguished four periods: The first (1975-1988) dominated by a lack of unified criteria; a second (1988-2000) marked by the unification/tension of and in the content; a third (2000-2011) determined by "Trench journalism" and lastly, the post-ETA period (2011-2016), in which the location where each newspaper is edited conditions (more than ever) the frame of the news. Conclusions. The authors consider that, in general, the press has not followed the UNESCO recommendations of 1978, which suggest that respect for the truth and the promotion of free expression of ideas contribute to conflict resolution.

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Author Biographies

Txema Ramírez de la Piscina Martínez, University of the Basque Country

Lecturer of Journalism at the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU since 1990. Accredited as Professor by the agency ANECA in 2012 and as Full Professor in 2010 by the Basque agency Unibasq. Director since 2011 of the Research Team HGH (Media, Society & Education) recognized officially by the University of the Basque Country (Ref.: GIU 11/04 and GIU 14/09). Head of the Research Project supported by the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU (2016–2017): Innovative strategies of the main privately owned media in the Basque and Catalan languages (Ref.: PPV16/02). B.A. degree in Journalism from the EHU-UPV (University of the Basque Country) in 1982. Journalist on a variety of Media sources from 1979 to 1989. PhD in Journalism in 1993. Assistant Professor of UPV/EHU since 1998. Author or co-author of twelve scientific books. The last one was titled: Quality Journalism: Is there a future? (UPV/EHU). The most important were Gabinetes de Comunicación (1995. Bosch) and Al filo de la (in)comunicación (2002, Fundamentos). Member of the associations IAMCR (International Association for Media and Communication Research) and AE-IC (Asociación Española de Investigadores en Comunicación). He was a member of the Board of Directors of EiTB (The Basque Country's Public Broadcasting Service) during 2013 and 2014. Assistant professor at the University of Querétaro (Mexico), in 2001. Frequent contributor to media sources such as Berria, Radio Vitoria, Euskadi Irratia and Euskalerria Irratia. Special recognition from the Cuban Ministry of Science for his participation in the VI International Symposium on Social Communication that took place in Santiago de Cuba in January of 1997. He is the author and co-author of about 60 specialized articles in scientific reviews. He was a collaborator or director on ten research projects from 1994 to 2016. He has participated in many national and international Scientific Congresses. Principal research lines: Press coverage and Basque Conflict, Quality Journalism, Media Literacy, Communication Offices, Basque Media, Alternative Media.

Imanol Murua Uria, University of the Basque Country

Lecturer of Journalism at the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU since 2015. Accredited as Assistant Professor by the agency Unibasq in 2014. Member since 2015 of the Research Team HGH (Media, Society & Education) recognized officially by the University of the Basque Country (Ref.: GIU 11/04 and GIU 14/09). A Journalism graduate (UPV/EHU, 1989), he obtained his Ph.D. in Basque Studies (University of Nevada, Reno) and in Social Communication (UPV/EHU) in 2014. He is the author of six books and the co-author of four books. His most recent book, Ekarri armak. ETAren jardun armatuaren bukaeraren kronika (2015) is about the end of ETA's armed campaign. This book will be published in Spanish at the end of 2016 as Un final para ETA. Crónica de un proceso inacabado. A research book on the matter, Ending ETA’s Armed Campaign, will be published in 2017 by Routledge in the Critical Terrorism Studies series. Professional journalist on the news magazine Argia (1989-1990), the daily newspaper Euskaldunon Egunkaria (1990-1995 and 1998-2003), the journal Jakin (1996-1998), the daily newspaper Berria (2003-2008) and freelance (1995-1996 and 2008-2010). He has been a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Jakin from 2014. He was awarded the journalism prizes Rikardo Arregi (1996, 2006 and 2010) and Argia (2008). Principal research lines: Press coverage and Basque Conflict, Communication Offices, Basque Media.

Petxo Idoiaga Arrospide, University of the Basque Country

Bachelors Degree in Information Sciences (1982), Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication (1983), Doctor in Information Sciences (1987), Full University Professor (2001) and, following his retirement (October 2013), Honorary Collaborating Professor at the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU.

Director or participant of 18 research projects. Author or co-author of various books and numerous articles in scientific journals and popular research magazines; among the former it is worth mentioning Industrias y Políticas Culturales en España y País Vasco (Director R. Zallo, 1995, UPV/EHU), Guía de ayudas al sector audiovisual-Ikusentzunezko sistemaren dirulaguntzak (2000, Ibaia), Gatazkaren begiak. Euskal gatazka komunikabideetan (2002 Alberdania) and “Al filo de la (in)comunicación” (2002, Fundamentos). Co-author of the European Parliament Report The Role of Regional Television Stations (1994. European Parliament. European Commission for Culture, Education, Youth, Education and the Mass Media. Regional Policies Commission, Town Planning and Relationships with Regional and Local Powers. PE 208.155; PE 208.156; PE 208.157; PE 208.158).

Vice-president of the Association of Researchers in Communication, Spain (1989-1991). Member of the international network of European researchers EURORTV - Europe, Regions, Television - (1991-1995): European Parliament Report, The Role of Regional Television Stations (1994), European Parliament. European Commission for Culture, Education, Youth, Education and the Mass Media. Regional Policies Commission, Town Planning and Relationships with Regional and Local Powers. PE 208.155; PE 208.156; PE 208.157; PE 208.158 . Secretary and Treasurer of the Board of Directors of the Association of Researchers in Communication, Spain [AE-IC] (2010-2012). Member of the Editorial Council and Staff Council on the magazine Viento Sur (1990…). Participant in the consolidated research group Hedabideak Gizartea eta Hezkuntza/Media, Society & Educación - Director Txema Ramírez de la Piscina- (2011...).

Director of the political weekly publication Combate (1977-1980); Spanish analyst on the international political magazine IMPRECOR - Press, Editions, Communications (1981-1982); weekly columnist on the daily paper Euskaldunon Egunkaria (1998); columnist and editor of the digital edition of the magazine Viento Sur (2011…).

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