La Cobertura del suicidio en los medios de comunicación tradicionales en Colombia, antes y durante la pandemia (2018 - 2021)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2024-2150Palabras clave:
suicidio, pandemia, medios de comunicación, Colombia, salud pública, noticias, salud mental, América Latina, OMS, investigación, researchResumen
Introducción: La OMS realizó recomendaciones para la publicación responsable de noticias sobre el suicidio, tras la evidencia de los efectos de imitación de esta conducta por la transmisión inadecuada de las mismas. La pandemia de Covid-19 tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la salud mental de la población humana, generando estados de franca vulnerabilidad. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar las características de las noticias sobre suicidio publicadas en medios de comunicación masiva tradicionales de Colombia, antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 (2018-2021), según las recomendaciones mencionadas. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio documental en el que se analizó el contenido de 92 noticias sobre suicidio. Resultados: 100% de las noticias presentan deficiencias en el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS, especialmente en aprovechar la oportunidad para educar al público sobre el suicidio (96.7%); usar fotografías o videos de forma precavida (98.9%); prestar atención al informar sobre suicidios de celebridades (100%) y proporcionar información sobre dónde buscar ayuda (95.7%). Hubo diferencias en el seguimiento de las recomendaciones antes y durante la pandemia. Discusión: El seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS en la transmisión de noticias sobre suicidio fue muy bajo, lo que puede ser un factor de riesgo que aumente la probabilidad de ocurrencia del efecto Werther. Conclusiones: Los medios de comunicación masiva tienen una alta responsabilidad en la transmisión de noticias sobre el suicidio y pueden contribuir de manera determinante en la imitación pero también en la prevención y educación sobre esta conducta.
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