El papel de las personalidades de radio como prescriptores de complementos alimenticios. Un análisis de las declaraciones de propiedades saludables (H-RCs) en las menciones de radio en España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1511Palabras clave:
publicidad; declaraciones de propiedades saludables; información de producto; complementos alimenticios; radio; personalidades de radio; credibilidad de la fuente.Resumen
Introducción: Los anunciantes utilizan testimoniales debido a su potencial en términos de persuasión y eficacia del mensaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las declaraciones de propiedades saludables en la publicidad de complementos alimenticios estableciendo la relación entre las personalidades de radio y la información relacionada con la salud. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de contenido de todas las menciones radiales —con un corpus final de 437— emitidas en 2017 en las tres emisoras de radio generalista con mayor audiencia. Resultados: Predominan los locutores de radio (55%) sobre los colaboradores (45%), siendo las declaraciones funcionales el tipo más prevalente (99,5%), seguido de las declaraciones de enfermedad, prohibidas por ley. Los colaboradores mencionan reclamos no autorizados con mayor frecuencia que los locutores. En relación a la información obligatoria sobre el contenido del producto, el 79% de las menciones no refiere ningún mineral que sustente sus supuestos beneficios. Discusión: Los anunciantes explotan la credibilidad de los líderes de opinión para respaldar los complementos alimenticios. Estas figuras son claramente inadecuadas para recomendar estos productos, ya que pueden implicar un gran riesgo para la salud de los consumidores. El uso significativo e ilícito de estas declaraciones exige una legislación más restrictiva y mecanismos de control más estrictos por parte de las autoridades autorreguladoras. Conclusiones: Si bien los anunciantes son los únicos responsables del anuncio, la responsabilidad debe extenderse a los responsables de los medios y personalidades de la radio, debido a su influencia social, para una mayor protección contra la publicidad ilícita.
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