Game of Thrones y sus epitextos. El viaje de las audiencias desde la pantalla a los atractivos turísticos audiovisuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2026-2661Palabras clave:
turismo audiovisual, Game of Thrones, epitextos, imagen proyectada, imagen percibida, motivación de visita, atractivos turísticos audiovisualesResumen
Introducción: El objeto de este estudio es analizar cómo el proceso de búsqueda de información sobre los destinos turísticos y los atractivos representados en Game of Thrones puede mejorar/empeorar la imagen percibida de estos espacios, incrementar/disminuir las intenciones de visita e incluso transformar estas últimas en visitas efectivas. Metodología: Se recurre a 20 entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas a espectadores que han visto la serie y han visitado alguna de sus localizaciones. Resultados: El consumo de epitextos relacionados con Game of Thrones mejora la imagen de los atractivos y destinos generada por la serie, vincula los lugares reales a los de la fantasía e incrementa las intenciones de visita y las expectativas respecto a la visita. Discusión: Visto lo anterior, es necesario que los gestores y la industria turística conozcan los procesos y los canales de información a través de los cuales un espectador pasa de la pantalla a visitar un atractivo de turismo audiovisual. Ello contribuirá a la producción de epitextos que vinculen los escenarios de la ficción audiovisual a los atractivos turísticos. Conclusiones: Al final encontramos que la búsqueda de información sobre el lugar mostrado en las series es su primer y esencial efecto conductual, lo que incide en la necesidad de generar epitextos que vinculen los escenarios a los atractivos turísticos audiovisuales.
Descargas
Citas
Aguilar-Rivero, M., Moral-Cuadra, S., López-Guzmán, T. y Solano-Sánchez, M. A. (2023). Authenticity and motivations towards film destination. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 28(5), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2245495 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2023.2245495
Baloglu, S. y McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
Beerli, A. y Martín, J. D. (2004). Factores que influyen en la imagen de los destinos. Annals of Tourism Research en Español, 6(2), 357-384. http://hdl.handle.net/10553/71061
Bolan, P., Boy, S. y Bell, J. (2011). We’ve seen it in the Movies Let’s See if It’s True: Authenticity and Displacement in Film‐Induced Tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(2), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211111122970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211111122970
Buchmann, A., Moore, K. y Fisher, D. (2010). Experiencing film tourism. Authenticity and Fellowship. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(1), 229−248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.09.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.09.005
Carl, D., Kindon, S. y Smith, K. (2007). Tourists’ experiences of Film Locations: New Zealand as Middle Earth. Tourism Geographies, 9(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680601092881 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680601092881
Chang, D. Y. (2016). A study of TV drama series, cultural proximity and travel motivation: Moderation effect of enduring involvement. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2058
Chen, P. T. (2023), Influence of film destination placement on travel intention: mediating effect of involvement and place attachment. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 9(2), 411-428. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-05-2022-0132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-05-2022-0132
Contu, G. y Pau, S. (2022). The impact of TV series on tourism performance: the case of Game of Thrones. Empirical Economics, 63, 3313–3341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02228-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-022-02228-2
Di Cesare, F., D’Angelo, L. y Rech, G. (2009). Films and Tourism: Understanding the Nature and Intensity of their Cause-Effect Relationship. Tourism Review International, 13(2), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604606
Dung, Y. A. O. y Reijnders, S. (2013). Paris offscreen: Chinese tourists in cinematic Paris. Tourist Studies, 13(3), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613498164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797613498164
Ertz, M., Sarigöllü, E., Karakas, F. y Chehab, O. (2021). Impact of TV dramas on consumers’ travel, shopping and purchase intentions. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(3), 655-669. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1891 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1891
Gallarza, M. G., Gil Saura, I. y Calderón, H. (2002). Destination image: Towards a conceptual framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
Genette, G. (2001). Umbrales. Siglo XXI.
Gómez-Morales, B., Castro, D. y Nieto-Ferrando, J. (2023). High season is coming: travel motivations of Game of Thrones fans, Current Issues in Tourism, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2272731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2272731
Gómez-Morales, B., Nieto-Ferrando, J. y Sánchez-Castillo, S. (2022). (Re)Visiting Game of Thrones: film-induced tourism and television fiction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 39(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2044971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2044971
Hahm, J. y Wang, Y. (2011). Film-induced tourism as a vehicle for destination marketing: Is it worth the efforts? Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 28(2), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2011.546209
Hahm, J., Upchurch, R. y Wang, Y. (2008). Millennial students, movies, and tourism. Tourism Analysis, 13(2), 189-204. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208785664229 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354208785664229
Hudson, S., Wang, Y. y Moreno Gil, S. (2011). The influence of a film on destination image and the desire to travel: A cross-cultural comparison. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(2), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.808
Irimiás, A., Mitev, A. Z. y Michalkó, G. (2021). Narrative transportation and travel: The mediating role of escapism and immersion. Tourism Management Perspectives, 38, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2021.100793
Itoo, M. H. y Nagar, K. (2017). Impact of Negative Portrayal of a Destination in Bollywood
Movies on Viewers’ Attitude towards The Destination, Intention to Visit
and Destination Image. Pacific Business Review International, 10(5), 70-82. https://www.academia.edu/35532635/Impact_of_Negative_Portrayal_of_a_Destination_in_Bollywood_Movies_on_Viewers_Attitude_towards_The_Destination_Intention_to_Visit_and_Destination_Image
Josiam, B., Spears, D., Dutta, K., Pookulangara, S. y Kinley, T. (2014). Namastey London: Bollywood movies and their impact on how Indians perceive European destinations. Hospitality Review, 31(4), 2-22. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707419/m2/1/high_res_d/Europe_Through_The_Lens_of_Bollywood_Movies.pdf
Justus, M. M., Kieti, D. M. y Nthiga, R. W. (2018). Effect of Stereotypes Created by Movies on the Satisfaction of Tourists with Movie Induced Tourism (MIT). African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4), 1-12. https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_17_vol_7_4__2018.pdf
Kim S., Agrusa J., Lee, H. y Chon, K. (2007). Effects of Korean TV dramas on the flow of Japanese tourists. Tourism Management, 28(5), 1340-1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.005
Kim, H. y Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(1), 216-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00062-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00062-2
Kim, S. (2012a). A cross-cultural study of on-site film tourism experiences among Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese and Thai visitors to the Daejanggeum Theme Park, South Korea. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(8), 759-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.640394 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2011.640394
Kim, S. (2012b). Audience involvement and film tourism experiences: Emotional places, emotional experiences. Tourism Management, 33(2), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.04.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.04.008
Kim, S. (2012c). The impact of TV drama attributes on touristic experiences at film tourism destinations. Tourism Analysis, 17(5), 573-585. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212X13485873913804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212X13485873913804
Kim, S. (2012d). The relationships of on-site film-tourism experiences, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The case of Asian audience’s responses to a Korean historical TV drama. Journal of Travel y Tourism Marketing, 29(5), 472-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.691399 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.691399
Kim, S. y Kim, S. (2018). Perceived values of TV drama, audience involvement, and behavioral intention in film tourism. Journal of Travel y Tourism Marketing, 35(3), 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1245172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2016.1245172
Kim, S. y Wang, H. (2012). From television to the film set: Korean drama Daejanggeum drives Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese and Thai audiences to screen-tourism. International Communication Gazette, 74(5), 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512445152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512445152
Kim, S., Kim, S. y Han, H. (2019). Effects of TV drama celebrities on national image and behavioral intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1557718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1557718
Lee, S., Scott, D. y Kim, H. (2008). Celebrity fan involvement and destination perceptions. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3), 809-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.06.003
Li, S., Tian, W., Lundberg, C., Gkritzali, A. y Sundström, M. (2021). Two Tales of One City: Fantasy Proneness, Authenticity, and Loyalty of On-Screen Tourism Destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 60(8), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520961179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287520961179
Liu, X. y Pratt, S (2019). The Downton Abbey effect in film-induced tourism: an empirical examination of tv drama-induced tourism motivation at heritage attractions. Tourism analysis, 24(4), 497-515. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354219X15652651367505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354219X15652651367505
Macionis, N. (2004). Understanding the film-induced tourist. En Proceedings of the 1st international
tourism and media conference. Monash University, 86-97. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228790015_Understanding_the_film-induced_tourist
Mansson, M. (2011). Mediatized tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1634-1652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.008
Mellinas, J. P. (2019). Measuring the Impact of Game of Thrones on Tourism Through Online Reviews. E-Review of Tourism Research (eRTR), 17(4). https://ertr-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/ertr/article/view/534
Meng, Y. y Tung, V. W. S. (2016). Travel Motivations of Domestic Film Tourists to the Hengdian World Studios: Serendipity, Traverse, and Mimicry. Journal of China Tourism Research, 12(3-4), 434-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2016.1266068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19388160.2016.1266068
Michael, N., Balasubramanian, S., Michael, I. y Fotiadis, A. K. (2020). Underlying motivating factors for movie-induced tourism among Emiratis and Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(4), 435-449. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420914355 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358420914355
Mitev, A., Irimiás, A., Michalkó, G. y Franch, M. (2017). “Mind the scenery!”. Landscape depiction and the travel intentions of Game of Thrones fans: Some in-sights for DMOs. Regional Statistics, 7(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS07201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15196/RS070201
Ng, T. M. y Chan, C. S. (2020). Investigating film-induced tourism potential: The influence of Korean TV dramas on Hong Kong young adults. Asian Geographer, 37(1), 53-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2019.1701506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2019.1701506
Nieto-Ferrando, J. (2025). Las propuestas de aplicación práctica de la investigación sobre los efectos de la ficción audiovisual en el turismo. En J. Nieto-Ferrando y R. Mestre Pérez (Eds.). Ficciones y turismo. Propuestas, experiencias y representaciones, 23-26. Tirant Lo Blanch.
Nieto-Ferrando, J., Gómez-Morales, B. y Castro, D. (2023). Audiovisual Fiction, Tourism, and Audience Studies: A literature review. Review of Communication Research, 11, 88-126. https://doi.org/10.5680/RCR.V11.4
Nieto-Ferrando, J., Gómez-Morales, B. y Sánchez-Castillo, S. (2024). A model for research on film-induced tourism: Audiovisual narrative texts, reception, and effects. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 5, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2024.100146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annale.2024.100146
Nieto-Ferrando, J., Marine-Roig, E., Ferrer-Rosell, B. y Martin-Fuentes, E. (2022). La imagen turística de Barcelona en la ficción audiovisual. Catalanidad, cosmopolitismo y mediterraneidad versus españolada. EURE, 49(146). https://doi.org/10.7764/EURE.49.146.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7764/EURE.49.146.12
Nieto-Ferrando, J., Sánchez-Castillo, S. y Gómez-Morales, B. (2021). Audiovisual fiction and tourism promotion: the impact of film and television on the image of tourist destinations and contributions from textual analysis. Profesional de la información, 30(6), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.14
Oviedo-García, M., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., Trujillo-García, M. y Mallya, T. (2016). Film-induced tourist motivations. The case of Seville (Spain). Current Issues in Tourism, 19(7), 713-733. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.872606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.872606
Ozretic-Dosen, D., Previsic, J., Krupka, Z., Skare, V. y Komarac, T. (2018). The role of familiarity in the assessment of Turkey’s country/destination image: going beyond soap operas. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(3), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2017-0066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-06-2017-0066
Pearce, P. L. y Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the Travel Career Approach to Tourist Motivation. Journal of Travel Research, 43(3), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272020
Quintal, V. y Phau, I. (2015). The role of movie images and its impact on destination choice. Tourism Review, 70(2), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2014-0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2014-0009
Reijnders, S. (2011). Places of the Imagination: Media, Tourism, Culture. Ashgate Publishing.
Reijnders, S. (2016). Stories that move, fiction, imagination, tourism. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 19(6), 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549415597922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549415597922
Riley, R., Baker, D. y Van Doren, C. S. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4),
919-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0
Rittichainuwat, B. y Rattanaphinanchai, S. (2015). Applying a mixed method of quantitative and qualitative design in explaining the travel motivation of film tourists in visiting a film-shooting destination. Tourism Management, 46, 136-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.06.005
Rittichainuwat, B., Laws, E., Scott, N. y Rattanaphinanchai, S. (2018). Authenticity in screen tourism: Significance of real and substituted screen locations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 42(8), 1274-1294. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348017736568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348017736568
Shani, A., Wang, Y., Hudson, S. y Moreno Gil, S. (2009). Impacts of a historical film on the destination image of South America. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(3), 229-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766709104269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766709104269
St-James, Y., Darveau, J. y Fortin, J. (2018). Immersion in film tourist experiences. Journal of Travel y Tourism Marketing, 35(3), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1326362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2017.1326362
Su, H. J., Huang, Y. A., Brodowsky, G. y Kim, H. J. (2011). The impact of product placement on TV-induced tourism: Korean TV drama and Taiwanese viewers. Tourism Management, 32(4), 805-814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.06.020
Teng, H. Y. y Chen, C. Y. (2020). Enhancing celebrity fan-destination relationship in film-induced tourism: The effect of authenticity. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100605 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100605
Tkalec, M., Zilic, I. y Recher, V. (2017). The effect of film industry on tourism: Game of Thrones and Dubrovnik. International Journal of Tourism Research, 19(6), 705-714. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2142
Waysdorf, A. y Reijnders, S. (2018). Fan homecoming: analyzing the role of place in longterm fandom of The Prisoner. Popular Communication, 17(1), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2018.1524146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2018.1524146
Wen, H., Josiam, B. M., Spears, D. L. y Yang, Y. (2018). Influence of movies and television on Chinese Tourists perception toward international tourism destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, 28, 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.09.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.09.006
Wong, I. A., Song, Y. C. y Zhang, C. (2021). Not all films are created the same: understanding the cross-level effect of movie ratings on destination image creation. Journal of Travel y Tourism Marketing, 38(4), 356-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1921097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2021.1921097
Wong, J. Y. y Lai, T. C. (2015). Celebrity attachment and behavioral intentions: The mediating role of place attachment. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(2), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1974
Yang, F., Vanden Bergh, B. y Lee, J. (2017). Do violent movies scare away potential visitors? International Journal of Advertising, 36(2), 314-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1101224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1101224
Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A. y Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 40, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.006
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Lorena Farras-Perez, Jorge Nieto-Ferrando, Rafael Ventura

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Datos de los fondos
-
Agencia Estatal de Investigación
Números de la subvención PID2023-147875NB-I00