Análisis de las aplicaciones de la Inteligencia Artificial Generativa en sectores estratégicos: Una revisión de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2025-2466Palabras clave:
IA generativa, inteligencia artificial, redes generativas antagónicas, modelos de lenguaje, redes sociales, personalización, sostenibilidad, éticaResumen
Introducción: La Inteligencia Artificial Generativa (IAG) es una tecnología disruptiva que crea datos imitando patrones reales, transformando sectores estratégicos como salud, educación, comunicación, finanzas, transporte y comunicación. Este estudio aborda tres preguntas clave: ¿Cuáles son sus principales aplicaciones?, ¿Qué beneficios aporta?, y ¿Qué desafíos implica? A partir del análisis de 7.902 artículos publicados entre 2020 y 2024, se seleccionaron 198 estudios que destacan tanto sus aplicaciones prácticas como sus retos. Metodología: La investigación se realizó siguiendo la metodología PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), utilizando bases de datos como ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect y Web of Science. Herramientas como VOSviewer y Scimat ayudaron a identificar patrones de co-citación y evolución temática. El análisis se centró en tecnologías clave como redes generativas antagónicas (GANs) y modelos de lenguaje. Resultados: La IAG tiene aplicaciones transformadoras: en educación, personaliza el aprendizaje con tutorías virtuales y contenidos adaptativos; en salud, mejora simulaciones clínicas y acelera el desarrollo de medicamentos; en transporte, optimiza rutas y sostenibilidad; en marketing, facilita segmentación precisa y generación de contenido creativo y en comunicación, la IAG revoluciona las dinámicas interpersonales y organizacionales al mejorar la toma de decisiones en tiempo real, automatizar la generación de textos y optimizar la interacción entre humanos y máquinas. Estas aplicaciones han impulsado la eficiencia y la innovación en múltiples sectores. Discusión: La adopción de la IAG es un motor de progreso tecnológico, marcando avances en personalización y optimización operativa. Su impacto podría diversificarse al adaptar aplicaciones a contextos locales y sectores emergentes, maximizando su alcance y beneficios. Conclusiones: La IAG se consolida como una herramienta clave para el desarrollo sostenible e inclusivo. Este estudio ofrece una base para futuras investigaciones, promoviendo aplicaciones innovadoras que transformen sectores estratégicos de manera efectiva y global.
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Derechos de autor 2024 María García de Blanes Sebastián, Luis Díaz-Marcos, Óscar Aguado Tevar, Alberto Tomás Delso Vicente
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
