Estigmatización social en el tratamiento informativo de la obesidad en la prensa española durante la pandemia

Idoia Camacho Markina; Udane Goikoetxea Bilbao; Iñigo Marauri Castillo

doi:10.4185/RLCS-2023-1895

Autores/as

Idoia Camacho Markina Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2296-9472
Udane Goikoetxea Bilbao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-5221
Iñigo Marauri Castillo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0883-8003

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1895

Palabras clave:

periodismo digital, prensa española, análisis de contenido, obesidad, COVID-19, estigmatización, framing

Resumen

Introducción: El presente estudio analiza el tratamiento de la obesidad en la prensa española durante el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19, con el objetivo de conocer cómo se enmarcaron sus informaciones sobre este tema. Metodología: Mediante la metodología del análisis de contenido y con la teoría del framing como referencia, se estudiaron 350 informaciones acerca de obesidad y COVID-19 publicadas en las ediciones digitales de los cuatro diarios españoles impresos de información general más leídos en el año 2020: El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia y Abc. Resultados: En los contenidos que protagoniza la obesidad prima el encuadre de responsabilidad individual, que atribuye la causa de la obesidad a la responsabilidad individual y que difunde la idea de que tener sobrepeso es una elección personal. Por el contrario, en aquellos centrados en la COVID-19 predomina el encuadre de responsabilidad colectiva. También se utiliza, aunque de manera minoritaria, lenguaje ofensivo e imágenes que reflejan de forma negativa a personas con obesidad. Discusión: Los medios de comunicación pueden influir en las creencias y actitudes de su audiencia, así como en la toma de decisiones sobre salud. Por ello, la forma en que los medios representan la obesidad es importante para aumentar o reducir la estigmatización hacia las personas que la sufren. Conclusiones: La narrativa que atribuye la causa de la obesidad a la responsabilidad individual fomenta el aumento del estigma social y refuerza los estereotipos basados en el peso, por lo que debería evitarse en los medios de comunicación.

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