¿Condiciona la imagen del país nuestras compras? Análisis clúster desde la perspectiva ciudadana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2026-2529Palabras clave:
imagen de país, segmentación, valoración de marcas nacionales, perfiles de ciudadanos, marca EcuadorResumen
Introducción: Este estudio explora cómo la percepción interna de la imagen país influye en las preferencias de los ciudadanos hacia las marcas nacionales, en un contexto global cada vez más desafiante para las economías emergentes. Metodología: Mediante una encuesta estructurada aplicada a 823 personas y un análisis clúster bietápico, se identificaron cuatro segmentos sociodemográficos con patrones diferenciados de valoración sobre aspectos físicos, culturales, emocionales, tecnológicos, económicos y políticos. Resultados: Los hallazgos muestran que las dimensiones emocional (relacionados con atributos como el orgullo nacional, sentido de pertenencia o nostalgia) y cultural (vinculada a elementos como la identidad nacional, las tradiciones y costumbres del país) tienen mayor poder de conexión e influencia en las preferencias de los consumidores hacia las marcas nacionales, especialmente en segmentos con menor poder adquisitivo, mientras que los grupos con mayor estabilidad económica valoran atributos como la calidad (la excelencia, fiabilidad y superioridad de los productos nacionales) y el desarrollo del país (moderno, estable, innovador y en crecimiento). Discusión: Estos resultados confirman que la imagen país no es homogénea y debe abordarse desde una perspectiva segmentada, tanto en términos de consumo como de identidad. Conclusiones: Este trabajo ofrece una contribución original al debate sobre la marca país desde la mirada percibida del ciudadano, integrando teoría, método e impacto socioeconómico. Las implicaciones del estudio son relevantes para estrategias gubernamentales en el desarrollo de marcas nacionales que busquen desarrollar campañas diferenciadas, alineadas con los valores y expectativas de cada grupo ciudadano, sin menoscabo de las estrategias empresariales.
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