The Moncloa in Twitter: a quantitative analysis in the post-COVID era

Authors

  • Marta Pulido Polo Universidad de Sevilla
  • María Dolores del Mar Sánchez González Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
  • José Manuel Mesa Göbel Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
  • Jose Vázquez-González Universidad de Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-4799

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1874

Keywords:

Twitter, Public Relations, Moncloa, Institutional Communication, post-Covid, uncertainty, quantitative analysis

Abstract

Introduction: The end of the acute phase of the pandemic, begins a return to normality in coexistence with the Coronavirus. Thus, a period of transition and social, political, and economic uncertainty begins that, for WHO and WEF, could imply a global reset from more balanced principles. The objective of this work is to identify the keys that mark the relational behavior of the Government of Spain on Twitter from its official account @DesdelaMoncloa, concerning these principles and the interests of the population. Methodology: multivariate quantitative analysis (content analysis) is performed in SPSS SPSS (Krippendorff alpha coefficient = 0.867) over a corpus of 2735 tweets issued between April 1, 2021, and March 30, 2022. Results: The results show a higher prevalence of content with an institutional and economic character, the use of formal/solemn language, and regularity in broadcast frequency by date and time (Jordan, 2017; Acebes and Montanera, 2019). Discussion and conclusions: Twitter is consolidated as a powerful relationship management tool in the institutional field (Marcos-García, 2021; Castillo-Esparcia et al., 2020a) aimed at building trust in public opinion (Greenhill, 2020; Hucker, 2020), but it is observed: a) a significant mismatch between the themes of the messages issued and the interests of the population in this period of transition and, b) consolidates the theses that highlight an institutional underutilization of its interactive potential (Rivas-de-Roca et al., 2021).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Marta Pulido Polo, Universidad de Sevilla

Degree in Advertising and Public Relations and Ph.D. in Communication from the Universidad de Sevilla. Professor of the Department of Audiovisual Communication and Advertising at the Faculty of Communication of the Universidad de Sevilla. Her lines of research focus on public relations, ceremonial and protocol, as well as the relational perspective of event organization.   

martapulido@us.es

Índice H: 8

Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5504-0438

Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/auth/detail.uri?authorId=57188580756

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=qJu7r_4AAAAJ&hl=es

María Dolores del Mar Sánchez González, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

Professor at the Faculty of Law of the UNED and Director of the Master's Degree in Protocol. Ph.D. in Law from the UNED and Communication from the UMA with international mention. Member of the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence and Legislation. Director of the Modular Program in Communication, Protocol, and Public Relations. CR of the consolidated research group of the UNED "Institutional Studies Research Group" and the teaching innovation group "History of Law". President of the Society of Institutional Studies and editor of the Revista Estudios Institucionales, Revista internacional de investigación en Instituciones, Ceremonial y Protocolo. Specialist in official and international protocol, in the history of protocol and ceremonial, and event organization.

mdmsanchez@der.uned.es

Índice H: 5

Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6007-5985

Scopus ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201915120

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8xttvgEAAAAJ

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dolores_Sanchez-Gonzalez2

José Manuel Mesa Göbel, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

Degree in Law UNED, Ph.D. student in Law and Social Sciences EIDUNED. Master in Protocol, Communication, and External Relations ULPGC. Specialist in Communication, Protocol, and Public Relations UNED. External Collaborating Professor UNED, researcher of the Institutional Studies Research Group UNED. His area of research focuses on the history of protocol and ceremonial and the management of events and acts from different fields.

jmesa@invi.uned.es

Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0759-4297

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.es/citations?user=fV9dE_AAAAAJ&hl=es

Academia.edu: https://uned.academia.edu/JoséManuelMesaGöbel

Jose Vázquez-González, Universidad de Sevilla

Graduate in Advertising and Public Relations, Master in Institutional and Political Communication, and Ph.D. student in Communication at the Universidad de Sevilla. Researcher and teacher with a PIF predoctoral contract, within the VI Research and Transfer Plan of the Universidad de Sevilla. His lines of research focus on public relations, film festival studies, and LGTBIQ+ studies.

jvazquez9@us.es

Índice H: 1

Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-4799

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.es/citations?hl=es&user=AP6NnzUAAAAJ

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vazquez-Jose

Academia.edu: https://us.academia.edu/JV%C3%A1zquezGonz%C3%A1lez

References

Acebes, B. y Montanera, R. (2019). Estudio anual de redes sociales 2019. Iabspain.es https://bit.ly/3NMYqin

Almiron, N. y Xifra, P. (2019). Climate change denial and public relations: strategic communication and interest groups in climate inaction. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351121798

Arroyo-Almaraz, I., Calle-Mendoza, S. y Van-Wyk, C. (2018). La eficacia en la comunicación de las ONGD. El uso de Facebook en campañas de emergencia. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, 765-789. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1281

Astigueta, M. E. (2022). Twitter, engagement y discurso. Abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo de la cuenta @mauriciomacri. Inmediaciones de la Comunicación, 17(2), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.18861/ic.2022.17.2.3140 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18861/ic.2022.17.2.3140

Baamonde, X. (2011). Las redes sociales como herramientas de Relaciones Públicas de las instituciones europeas. Correspondencias & Análisis, 1, 67-82. https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2011.n1.05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2011.n1.05

Benítez, L. (2016). Análisis de la recomendación entre iguales en la reputación online de las organizaciones. El profesional de la información, 25(4), 652-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.jul.15ª DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2016.jul.15

Berrocal, S., Zamora Medina, R. y Rebolledo, M. (2021). Politainment social audience and political engagement: Analysing Twitter conversations in Spain. Catalan Journal of Communication & Cultural Studies, 3(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs_00037_1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/cjcs_00037_1

Boletín Oficial del Estado. (2021, 29 de marzo). Ley 2/2021 de medidas urgentes de prevención, contención y coordinación para hacer frente a la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19. Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2021-4908

Boletín Oficial del Estado. (2022, 8 de febrero). Real Decreto 115/2022 por el que se modifica la obligatoriedad del uso de mascarillas durante la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por el COVID-19.

Boletín Oficial del Estado 34. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2022/02/08/115

Boletín Oficial del Estado (2022, 19 de abril) Real Decreto 286/2022 por el que se modifica la obligatoriedad del uso de mascarillas durante la situación de crisis sanitaria ocasionada por la COVID-19. Boletín Oficial del Estado. https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-6449

Bracciale, R. y Martella, A. (2017). Define the populist political communication style: the case of Italian political leaders on Twitter. Information, communication and society, 20(9), 1310-1329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328522

Caldevilla-Domínguez. D., Rodríguez-Terceño, J. y Barrientos-Báez, A. (2019). El malestar social a través de las nuevas tecnologías: Twitter como herramienta política. Revista Latina de comunicación, 74, 1264-1290. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1383

Campos-Domínguez, E. (2017). Twitter y la comunicación política. El profesional de la información, 26(5), 785-793. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.01

Cano-Orón, L. y Llorca-Abad, G. (2017). Análisis del discurso oficial de la Casa Real en Twitter durante el periodo de abdicación del Rey Juan Carlos I y la Coronación de Felipe VI. Perspectivas de la Comunicación, 10(1), 29-54.

Capriotti, P., Zeler, I. y Oliveira, A. (2019). Comunicación dialógica 2.0 en Facebook. Análisis de la interacción en las organizaciones de América Latina. Revista latina de comunicación social, 74, 1094-1113. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1373

Castillo-Esparcia, A., Castillero-Ostio, E. y Castillo-Díaz, A. (2020a). Los think tanks en España. Análisis de sus estrategias de comunicación digitales. Revista latina de comunicación social, 77, 253-273. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1457

Castillo-Esparcia, A., Fernández-Souto, A. B. y Puentes-Rivera, I. (2020b). Comunicación política y Covid-19. Estrategias del Gobierno de España. El profesional de la información, 29(4), e290419. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.jul.19

Costa-Sánchez, C. y López-García, X. (2020). Comunicación y crisis del coronavirus en España. Primeras lecciones. El Profesional de la información, 29(3), e290304. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.04

Cousins, H. C., Cousins, C. C., Harris, A., & Pasquale, L.R. (2020). Regional infoveillance of COVID-19 case rates: analysis of search-engine query patterns. Journal of medical internet research, 22(7), e19483. https://doi.org/10.2196/19483 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/19483

Criado, J. I., Martínez, G. y Silvan, A. (2013). Twitter en campaña: las elecciones municipales españolas de 2011. Revista de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociológicas, 12(1), 93-113.

Dang-Xuan, L., Stieglitz, S., Wladarsch, J., & Neuberger, C. (2013). An investigation of influentials and the role of sentiment in political communication on Twitter during election periods. Information, Communication & Society, 16(5), 795-825. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.783608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.783608

Enli, G. (2017). Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election. European Journal of communication, 32(1), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323116682802

Foro Económico Mundial. (s.f). Annual Report 2020-2021. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Annual_Report_2020_21.pdf

Galiano-Coronil, A., Jiménez-Marín, G., Elías Zambrano, R., & Tobar-Pesantez, L. B. (2021). Communication, social networks and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A reflection from the perspective of social marketing and happiness management in the General Elections in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 743361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743361

García, C. y Zugasti, R. (2014). La campaña virtual en Twitter: análisis de las cuentas de Rajoy y de Rubalcaba en las elecciones generales de 2011. Historia y Comunicación Social, 19(especial febrero), 299-311. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_HICS.2014.v19.45029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_HICS.2014.v19.45029

González-List, V. (2022). La participación política en Twitter. Nadie estudia a los deshilvanados. Universitas-XXI, 36, 43-69. https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n36.2022.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17163/uni.n36.2022.02

Greenhill, B. (2020). How can international organizations shape public opinion? analysis of a pair of survey-based experiments. The Review of International Organizations, 15, 165-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9325-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-018-9325-4

Grunig, J. E. (2009). Paradigms of global public relations in an age of digitalisation. PRism, 6, 1-19.

Guerrero-Solé, F. y Mas-Manchón, L. (2017). Estructura de los tweets políticos durante las campañas electorales de 2015 y 2016 en España. El profesional de la información, 26(5), 805-815. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.03

Hernández-García, I., & Giménez-Júlvez, T. (2020). Assessment of health information about COVID-19 prevention on the internet: infodemiological study. JMIR public health and surveillance, 6(2), e18717. https://doi.org/10.2196/18717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/18717

Higgins, T. S., Wu, A. W., Sharma, D., Illing, E. A., Rubel, K., & Ting, J. Y. (2020). Correlations of online search engine trends with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence: infodemiology study. JMIR public health and surveillance, 6(2), e19702. https://doi.org/10.2196/19702 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/19702

Hucker, D. (2020). Public opinion and twentieth-century diplomacy: a global perspective. Bloomsbury academic. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474204965

Jiménez-Marín, G., Sanz-Marcos, P., & Tobar-Pésantez, L. B. (2021). Keller's resonance model in branding: Persuasive impact through the figure of the influencer. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(6), 1-14.

Jordan, K. (2017). Examining the UK Higher Education sector through the network of institutional accounts on Twitter. First monday, 22(5), 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i5.7133

Jürgens, P., & Jungherr, A. (2015). The use of Twitter during the 2009 German national election. German politics, 24(4), 469-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1116522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644008.2015.1116522

Karakiza, M. (2015). The impact of social media in the public sector. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences, 175. 384-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1214

Kreiss, D. (2016). Seizing the moment: The presidential campaigns’ use of Twitter during the 2012 electoral cycle. New media and society, 18(8), 1473-1490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814562445 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814562445

Krippendorff, K. (2002). Metodologías de análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Paidós.

Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis. Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human communication research, 30(3), 411-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/30.3.411

La Moncloa [@desdelaMoncloa]. (s.f.)Cuenta oficial del Gobierno de #España #PlanDeRecuperación #GobernamosContigo. https://bit.ly/2YVIrrC

Ledingham, John A. (2001). Government-community relationships: extending the relational theory of public relations. Public relations review, 27(3), 285-295. https://bit.ly/3zTUW86 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0363-8111(01)00087-X

Ledingham, John A. (2003). Explicating relationship management as a general theory of public relations. Journal of public relations research, 15(2), 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1502_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532754XJPRR1502_4

López-García, G. (2016). New vs ‘old’ leaderships: The campaign of Spanish general elections 2015 on Twitter. Communication and society, 29(3), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.3.149-168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.29.3.149-168

López-Meri, A., Marcos-García, S. y Casero-Ripollés, A. (2017). What do politicians do on Twitter? Functions and communication strategies in the Spanish electoral campaign of 2016. El profesional de la información, 26(5), 795-804. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2017.sep.02

Mangerotti, P., Ribeiro, V., & González-Aldea, P. (2022). Populism, Twitter, and political communication: ananalysis of Jair Bolsonaro’s tweets during the 2018 election campaign. Brazilian Journalism Research, 17, 596-627. https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v17n3.2021.1415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v17n3.2021.1415

Marcos-García, S., Doménech Fabregat, H., & Casero-Ripollés, A. (2021). The platformization of institutional political communication. The use of WhatsApp by local administrations. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79, 100-125. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021- 1520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1520

Mavragani, A. (2020). Tracking COVID-19 in Europe: infodemiology approach. JMIR Public health and surveillance, 6(2), e18941. https://doi.org/10.2196/18941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/18941

McGravey, K. (2020). Digital public forums: Power and representation in the internet’s public squares. New politicalscience, 42(3), 253-271. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2020.1807274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2020.1807274

Organización Mundial de la Salud (2022). EB150/3. Informe del Director General. https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB150/B150_3-sp.pdf

Page, J. T. y Parnell, L. (2019). Introduction to Strategic Public Relations: digital, global and socially responsible communication. Sage.

Park, H. W., Park, S., & Chong, M. (2020). Conversations and medical news frames on Twitter: infodemiological study on COVID-19 in South Korea. Journal of medical internet research, 22(5), e18897. https://doi.org/10.2196/18897 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/18897

Pulido-Polo, M., Hernández-Santaolalla, V. y Lozano-González, A. A. (2021). Uso institucional de Twitter para combatir la infodemia causada por la crisis sanitaria de la Covid-19. Profesional de la información, 30(1), e300119. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.ene.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.ene.19

Pulido-Polo, M., Jiménez-Marín, G., Pérez-Curiel, C. y Vázquez-González, J. (2022). Twitter como herramienta de comunicación institucional de la Casa Real Británica y la Casa Real Española en el contexto post pandémico. Revista de Comunicación, 21, 225-243. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC21.2-2022-A11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26441/RC21.2-2022-A11

Pulido-Polo, M., Sánchez, M. D. M. y Luque, L. (2021). La representación de la Corona española en la esfera pública a través de los actos institucionales. Communication & Society, 34(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.2.315-332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.2.315-332

Rivas-de-Roca, R., García-Gordillo, M., y Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. (2021). Estrategias comunicativas en Twitter y portales institucionales durante la segunda ola de COVID-19: análisis de los gobiernos de Alemania, España, Portugal y Reino Unido. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 79, 49-72. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2021-1517

Rodríguez, M., Vázquez, I. A., & Jorquera, A. (2021). Study of the use of social media by the Royal Houses of Spain and the United Kingdom for diplomatic purposes. Janus.net, eJournal of International Relations, 18-32. https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.DT21.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.DT21.2

Rodríguez-Fidalgo M. I., Ruiz-Paz, Y. y Paíno-Ambrosio, A. (2019). #EleccionesMéxico2018: análisis poselectoral de las publicaciones de los medios de comunicación en Twitter y el" feedback" de los ciudadanos. Communication & Society, 32(4), 193-206. https://doi.org/ 10.15581/003.32.4.193-206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.35657

Rosenberg, H., Syed, S., & Rezaie, S. (2020). The Twitter pandemic: the critical role of Twitter in the dissemination of medical information and misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian journal of emergency medicine, 22(4), 418-421. https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.361

Sánchez-Ramos, A., Martínez-Acebal, L. y García-Galera, M. del C. (2022). Twitter como herramienta para fomentar la participación ciudadana. El caso de los gobiernos de España y Cuba. Correspondencias & Análisis, 15, 09-31. https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2022.n15.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2022.n15.01

Solomon, D. H., Bucala, R., Kaplan, M. J., & Nigrovic, P. A. (2020). The ‘infodemic’ of COVID-19. Arthritis rheumatology, 72(11), e41468. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41468

Suau-Gomila, G., Mora-Rodríguez, M. y Pont-Sorribes, C. (2022). Twitter como herramienta de comunicación de emergencias: análisis de los perfiles institucionales y propuestas de mejora a partir de los atentados de Barcelona y Cambrils de 2017. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 28(2), 433-446. https://dx.doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77692 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77692

Valenzuela, S., Correa, T., & Gil de Zuniga, H. (2018). Ties, likes, and tweets: Using strong and weak ties to explain differences in protest participation across Facebook and Twitter use. Political communication, 35(1), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1334726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1334726

Waisbord, S. y Amado, A. (2017). Populist communication by digital means: presidential Twitter in Latin America. Information, communication and society, 20(9), 1330-1346. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328521 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328521

Xifra, J. (2020). Comunicación corporativa, relaciones públicas y gestión del riesgo reputacional en tiempos del Covid-19. El profesional de la información, 29(2), e290220. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.20

Published

2023-01-16

How to Cite

Pulido Polo, M., Sánchez González, M. D. del M., Mesa Göbel, J. M., & Vázquez-González, J. (2023). The Moncloa in Twitter: a quantitative analysis in the post-COVID era . Revista Latina De Comunicación Social, (81), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2023-1874

Issue

Section

Miscellaneous