Cultura periodística pre-profesional de Cuba, Ecuador y Venezuela. Motivación, expectativas y experiencia profesional de los estudiantes de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

Martín  Oller Alonso; Carlos Arcila Calderón; Dasniel  Olivera Pérez

doi:10.4185/RLCS-2019-1341

Authors

Martín Oller Alonso University of La Havana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2256-5681
Carlos Arcila Calderón University of Salamanca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-2849
Dasniel Olivera Pérez University of La Habana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-8278

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1341

Keywords:

Pre-professional journalistic culture, Cuba, Ecuador, Venezuela, motivations, professional experience, students

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of the pre-professional journalistic cultures of Ecuador, Cuba and Venezuela focused on the study of the aspects that motivate students of Journalism and/or Social Communication to pursue these careers and their expectations and professional experiences. In the fieldwork, 1273 students from 21 universities enrolled in Journalism and/or Social Communication were surveyed during the first semester of 2016 (Cuba = 383, Ecuador = 500, Venezuela = 390). A sample that has a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of less than 5. The results indicate that students in Ecuador, Cuba and Venezuela, although they do not have professional experience in the area -with the exception of Cubans- and acknowledge their doubts about the job security offered by the profession, they have journalism as the main professional option for their future and, specifically, television. The regression analysis shows that in general terms only occupational safety (B = -0.108, p <0.001), vocation (B = -0.083, p <0.01) and gender (B = 0.079, p <0, 05) have a significant influence on the perspectives of personal development of the students in the three countries, F (6, 1190) = 19.455, p <0.001, explaining 8.5% of their variance.

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Author Biographies

Martín Oller Alonso, University of La Havana

Doctor in Journalism - Rey Juan Carlos University of Madrid (2012). Master's Degree in Advanced Studies in Communication - University of Murcia (2009). Degree in Advertising and Public Relations (2011), Journalism (2008), Sciences of Physical Activity and Sports (CAFD) (2002) and Education (Magisterio) (1999) - University of Murcia and the Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM). He is involved in several international research projects such as World of Journalism Study (WJS), Journalistic Cultures (JC) and Pre-professional Journalistic Culture (PpJC) based on the international comparative analysis of journalism, journalists and students of the career of Journalism in more than seventy countries around the world. He has published 20 scientific books, collaborated on almost forty books as co-author, produced more than forty scientific articles and participated as a speaker at nearly 80 conferences in several countries around the world.

Carlos Arcila Calderón, University of Salamanca

Carlos Arcila Calderón, Professor at the Department of Sociology and Communication of the University of Salamanca (Spain). Member of the Observatory of Audiovisual Contents (OCA) and professor of the Doctorate in Training in the Knowledge Society. Editor of the Electronic Annual of Studies in Social Communication "Dissertations". European Doctor in "Communication, Social Change and Development" - Complutense University of Madrid. Master in Data Science and Master in Journalism - Rey Juan Carlos University (URJC). He has been a professor at the University of Rosario (Colombia), the University of Norte (Colombia), the University of Los Andes (ULA) (Venezuela); post-doctoral researcher of the URJC; and associate researcher at the Andrés Bello Catholic University (UCAB) (Venezuela). In addition, he has been a visiting professor at the National University of Distance Education (UNED) (Spain), the University of La Sabana (Colombia), the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain), the Universidad Mayor (Chile) and the State University Paulista (Brazil) .

Dasniel Olivera Pérez, University of La Habana

Dasniel Olivera Pérez, Bachelor of Social Communication (2006), Master of Communication Sciences (2010) and Assistant Professor of the Communication Faculty of the University of Havana. PhD Student in Social Sciences and Politics, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico. Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Communication of the University of Havana (2010-2014). Editor of the Cuban Journal of Information and Communication (2014-2017). Cuban Academy of Sciences Award (Social Science Project Category, 2017). He works on research topics: media system and journalistic cultures in Cuba, public communication policies, university education and professionalization of the field of communication, and education for communication.

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